Cleopatra VII Philopator was the last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, nominally survived as pharaoh by her son Caesarion. She was also a diplomat, naval commander, polyglot, and medical author. As a member of the Ptolemaic dynasty, she was a descendant of its founder, Ptolemy I Soter, a Macedonian Greek general and companion of Alexander the Great. Inside you’ll read about • Rome comes to Egypt • Sibling rivalry • Caesar and Cleopatra • Assassination • Antony and Cleopatra • An Alexandrian idyll • Dusk approaches And much more! Julius Caesar maintained a private affair with Cleopatra that produced a son, Caesarion (Ptolemy XV). When Caesar was assassinated Cleopatra attempted to have Caesarion named as his heir, but this fell instead to Caesar’s grandnephew Octavian. In the Liberators’ civil war Cleopatra sided with the Roman Second Triumvirate formed by Octavian, Mark Antony, and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus. Cleopatra had an affair with Antony that would eventually produce three children: Alexander Helios, Cleopatra Selene II, and Ptolemy Philadelphus. Octavian’s forces invaded Egypt and defeated those of Antony, leading to his suicide. When Cleopatra learned that Octavian planned to bring her to Rome for his triumphal procession, she committed suicide by poisoning, the popular belief being that she was bitten by an asp.

She was the last ruler of the Macedonian dynasty of Ptolemies who had ruled Egypt for three centuries. Highly educated (she was the only one of the Ptolemies to read and speak ancient Egyptian as well as the court Greek) and very clever (her famous liaisons with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony were as much to do with politics as the heart), she steered her kingdom through impossibly taxing internal problems and railed against greedy Roman imperialism. Stripping away preconceptions as old as her Roman enemies, Joyce Tyldesley uses all her skills as an Egyptologist to give us this magnificent biography.

Tells the story of Cleopatra, who became queen of Egypt in 51 B.C., was determined to keep Egypt independent, and took her own life after being conquered by the Romans.

Charming, intelligent, and the ruler of Egypt at the age of eighteen, these qualities and more have contributed to Cleopatra's reign as a fascinating historical figure. Often caught between the wishes of her people and her need to keep Rome as an ally, she struggled to keep Egypt powerful and independent. Author Richard Worth combs the pages of history to offer insight into Cleopatra's life. From the civil war with her brother Ptolemy XIV and her romances with two of Rome's strongest leaders to the disastrous Battle of Actium and Cleopatra's last, desperate decision as queen, this book reveals the saga of this great ruler.

Learn all about Cleopatra, a far more capable and powerful ruler than people have thought, in this lively and informative biography. Most of what we've known about Cleopatra—and what crept into art, film, and literature—came from her enemies, the Romans. Ascending to the throne at young age of 17, Cleopatra proved to be a brilliant negotiator who forged alliances that kept her in power and in control of her kingdom. This book about Egypt's last and most famous pharaoh features an inviting text, many sidebars, and excellent color illustrations: maps, photos of ancient artifacts, and artworks from many historical periods.

A study of the origin of the Roman Empire by Arthur Weigall.

A biography of the Egyptian queen who gained and maintained power over her kingdom through her alliance with Julius Caesar and later Marc Antony.

The twilight of a republic -- The death of Caesar -- Rome in chaos -- Cleopatra returns to Alexandria -- Cleopatra remembers Caesar -- The battle of Philippi -- Cleopatra and Antony meet -- True love -- The start of a nightmare -- The battle of Actium -- The end of Antony and Cleopatra -- The dawn of an empire.