This book investigates the electronic properties of QDs of non-linear optical, III-V, II-IV, n-GaP, n-Ge, Te, Graphite, PtSb2, zero gap, II-V, GaSb, stressed materials, Bi, IV-IV, Lead germanium telluride, Zinc and Cadmium diphosphides, Bi2Te3, Antimony, III-V,II-VI,IV-VI compounds, III-V,II-VI,IV-VI, HgTe/CdTe and strained layer Quantum Dot Superlattices (QDSL) with graded interfaces and the QD effective mass superlattices of the aforementioned materials together with their heavily doped counter parts on the basis of newly formulated electron dispersion laws. The book considers the structures in which a layer of QD is inserted in the QW (Dots-in-Well) in the base and examines theoretically if there is improvement in the performance over the usual QW structure.

This book covers several futuristic computing technologies like quantum computing, quantum-dot cellular automata, DNA computing, and optical computing. In turn, it explains them using examples and tutorials on a CAD tool that can help beginners get a head start in QCA layout design. It discusses research on the design of circuits in quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) with the objectives of obtaining low-complexity, robust designs for various arithmetic operations. The book also investigates the systematic reduction of majority logic in the realization of multi-bit adders, dividers, ALUs, and memory.

The Quantum Cellular Automaton (QCA) concept represents an attempt to break away from the traditional three-terminal device paradigm that has dominated digital computation. Since its early formulation in 1993 at Notre Dame University, the QCA idea has received significant attention and several physical implementations have been proposed. This book provides a comprehensive discussion of the simulation approaches and the experimental work that have been undertaken on the fabrication of devices capable of demonstrating the fundamentals of QCA action. Complementary views of future perspectives for QCA technology are presented, highlighting a process of realistic simulation and of targeted experiments that can be assumed as a model for the evaluation of future device proposals. Contents: The Concept of Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata (C S Lent); QCA Simulation with the Occupation-Number Hamiltonian (M Macucci & M Governale); Realistic Time-Independent Models of a QCA Cell (J Martorell et al.); Time-Independent Simulation of QCA Circuits (L Bonci et al.); Simulation of the Time-Dependent Behavior of QCA Circuits with the Occupation-Number Hamiltonian (I Yakimenko & K-F Berggren); Time-Dependent Analysis of QCA Circuits with the Monte Carlo Method (L Bonci et al.); Implementation of QCA Cells with SOI Technology (F E Prins et al.); Implementation of QCA Cells in GaAs Technology (Y Jin et al.); Non-Invasive Charge Detectors (G Iannaccone et al.); Metal Dot QCA (G L Snider et al.); Molecular QCA (C S Lent); Magnetic Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata (MQCA) (A Imre et al.). Readership: Physicists, electronic engineers and academics.

The first book devoted to quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA), this groundbreaking resource provides a comprehensive view of QCA, showing practitioners how to work with this cutting-edge technology.

When I was contacted by Kluwer Academic Publishers in the Fall of 200 I, inviting me to edit a volume of papers on the issue of electron transport in quantum dots, I was excited by what I saw as an ideal opportunity to provide an overview of a field of research that has made significant contributions in recent years, both to our understanding of fundamental physics, and to the development of novel nanoelectronic technologies. The need for such a volume seemed to be made more pressing by the fact that few comprehensive reviews of this topic have appeared in the literature, in spite of the vast activity in this area over the course of the last decade or so. With this motivation, I set out to try to compile a volume that would fairly reflect the wide range of opinions that has emerged in the study of electron transport in quantum dots. Indeed, there has been no effort on my part to ensure any consistency between the different chapters, since I would prefer that this volume instead serve as a useful forum for the debate of critical issues in this still developing field. In this matter, I have been assisted greatly by the excellent series of articles provided by the different authors, who are widely recognized as some of the leaders in this vital area of research.

This book has emerged from a meeting held during the week of May 29 to June 2, 1989, at St. John’s College in Santa Fe under the auspices of the Santa Fe Institute. The (approximately 40) official participants as well as equally numerous “groupies” were enticed to Santa Fe by the above “manifesto.” The book—like the “Complexity, Entropy and the Physics of Information” meeting explores not only the connections between quantum and classical physics, information and its transfer, computation, and their significance for the formulation of physical theories, but it also considers the origins and evolution of the information-processing entities, their complexity, and the manner in which they analyze their perceptions to form models of the Universe. As a result, the contributions can be divided into distinct sections only with some difficulty. Indeed, I regard this degree of overlapping as a measure of the success of the meeting. It signifies consensus about the important questions and on the anticipated answers: they presumably lie somewhere in the “border territory,” where information, physics, complexity, quantum, and computation all meet.

Theory of Computation -- Computation by Abstracts Devices.

Keeping nanoelectronics in focus, this book looks at interrelated fields namely nanomagnetics, nanophotonics, nanomechanics and nanobiotechnology, that go hand-in-hand or are likely to be utilized in future in various ways for backing up or strengthening nanoelectronics. Complementary nanosciences refer to the alternative nanosciences that can be combined with nanoelectronics. The book brings students and researchers from multiple disciplines (and therefore with disparate levels of knowledge, and, more importantly, lacunae in this knowledge) together and to expose them to the essentials of integrative nanosciences. The central idea is that the five identified disciplines overlap significantly and arguably cohere into one fundamental nanotechnology discipline. The book caters to interdisciplinary readership in contrast to many of the existing nanotechnology related books that relate to a specific discipline. The book lays special emphasis on nanoelectronics since this field has advanced most rapidly amongst all the nanotechnology disciplines and with significant commercial pervasion. In view of the significant impact that nanotechnology is predicted to have on society, the topics and their interrelationship in this book are of considerable interest and immense value to students, professional engineers, and reserachers.

Authoritative and visionary, this festschrift features 12 highly readable expositions of virtually all currently active aspects of nonlinear science. It has been painstakingly researched and written by leading scientists and eminent expositors, including L Shilnikov, R Seydel, I Prigogine, W Porod, C Mira, M Lakshmanan, W Lauterborn, A Holden, H Haken, C Grebogi, E Doedel and L Chua; each chapter addresses a current and intensively researched area of nonlinear science and chaos, including nonlinear dynamics, mathematics, numerics and technology. Handsomely produced with high resolution color graphics for enhanced readability, this book has been carefully written at a high level of exposition and is somewhat self-contained. Each chapter includes a tutorial and background information, as well as a survey of each area's main results and state of the art. Of special interest to both beginners and seasoned researchers is the identification of future trends and challenging yet tractable problems thatare likely,to be solved before the end of the 21st century. The visionary and provocative nature of this book makes it a valuable and lasting reference.

This book presents the deterministic view of quantum mechanics developed by Nobel Laureate Gerard 't Hooft. Dissatisfied with the uncomfortable gaps in the way conventional quantum mechanics meshes with the classical world, 't Hooft has revived the old hidden variable ideas, but now in a much more systematic way than usual. In this, quantum mechanics is viewed as a tool rather than a theory. The author gives examples of models that are classical in essence, but can be analysed by the use of quantum techniques, and argues that even the Standard Model, together with gravitational interactions, might be viewed as a quantum mechanical approach to analysing a system that could be classical at its core. He shows how this approach, even though it is based on hidden variables, can be plausibly reconciled with Bell's theorem, and how the usual objections voiced against the idea of ‘superdeterminism' can be overcome, at least in principle. This framework elegantly explains - and automatically cures - the problems of the wave function collapse and the measurement problem. Even the existence of an “arrow of time" can perhaps be explained in a more elegant way than usual. As well as reviewing the author’s earlier work in the field, the book also contains many new observations and calculations. It provides stimulating reading for all physicists working on the foundations of quantum theory.