This report is essentially a synthesis of pertinent information concerning the use of fly ash as an ingredient in concrete for highway construction. It has been prepared to provide a basis for an adequate response by the Department of Highways and Transportation to requirements of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and the Environmental Protection Agency pertaining to the use of this by-product in concrete purchased with federal funds. Special attention is given to the quality control and acceptance problems associated with highway usage of fly ash concrete, with emphasis on problems relating to air entrainment. References to the background literature that established the suitability of fly ash as a pozzolan and its use in concrete are The requirements for fly ash as set forth in ASTM Specification C618 are reviewed and the- characteristics to be expected from concrete containing fly ash are discussed. It is recommended that the Virginia Department of Highways and Transportation permit the use of fly ash in concrete at the option of the contractor with prior approval by the state. It is also recommended that suitable specifications for this use be prepared following the guidelines previously recommended by the Concrete Research Advisory Committee.

"TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) 749: Methods for Evaluating Fly Ash for Use in Highway Concrete presents suggested changes to coal fly ash specifications and test protocols contained in American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Standard Specifications for Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling and Testing (AASHTO M 295). The changes suggested include modifications to the test methods currently specified for evaluating acceptability of fly ash for use in highway concrete as well as the introduction of new test methods for enhancing such evaluations. Attachment C: Details of the Research into Methods for Evaluating Fly Ash Use in Highway Concrete is only available online."--Publisher description.

Among all building materials, concrete is the most commonly used—and there is a staggering demand for it. However, as we strive to build taller structures with improved seismic resistance or durable pavement with an indefinite service life, we require materials with better performance than the conventional materials used today. Considering the enormous investment in public infrastructure and society’s need to sustain it, the need for new and innovative materials for the repair and rehabilitation of civil infrastructure becomes more evident. These improved properties may be defined in terms of carbon footprint, life-cycle cost, durability, corrosion resistance, strength, ductility, and stiffness. Addressing recent trends and future directions, Mechanics of Fiber and Textile Reinforced Cement Composites presents new opportunities for developing innovative and cost-effective materials and techniques in cement and concrete composites manufacturing, testing, and design. The book offers mathematical models, experimental results, and computational algorithms for efficient designs with fiber and textile reinforced composite systems. It explores alternative solutions using blended cements, innovative reinforcing systems, natural fibers, experimental characterization of key parameters used for design, and optimized designs. Each chapter begins with a detailed introduction, supplies a thorough overview of the existing literature, and sets forth the reasoning behind the experimentation and theory. Documenting the composite action of fibers and textiles, the book develops and explains methods for manufacturing and testing cement composites. Methods to design and analyze structures for reduced weight, increased durability, and minimization of cement use are also examined. The book demonstrates that using a higher volume fraction of fiber systems can result in composites that are quasi-elastic plastic. Speaking to the need to optimize structural performance and sustainability in construction, this comprehensive and cohesive reference requires readers to rethink the traditional design and manufacturing of reinforced concrete structures.

Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information and foreign nonnuclear information.