The ability to see deeply affects how human beings perceive and interpret the world around them. For most people, eyesight is part of everyday communication, social activities, educational and professional pursuits, the care of others, and the maintenance of personal health, independence, and mobility. Functioning eyes and vision system can reduce an adult's risk of chronic health conditions, death, falls and injuries, social isolation, depression, and other psychological problems. In children, properly maintained eye and vision health contributes to a child's social development, academic achievement, and better health across the lifespan. The public generally recognizes its reliance on sight and fears its loss, but emphasis on eye and vision health, in general, has not been integrated into daily life to the same extent as other health promotion activities, such as teeth brushing; hand washing; physical and mental exercise; and various injury prevention behaviors. A larger population health approach is needed to engage a wide range of stakeholders in coordinated efforts that can sustain the scope of behavior change. The shaping of socioeconomic environments can eventually lead to new social norms that promote eye and vision health. Making Eye Health a Population Health Imperative: Vision for Tomorrow proposes a new population-centered framework to guide action and coordination among various, and sometimes competing, stakeholders in pursuit of improved eye and vision health and health equity in the United States. Building on the momentum of previous public health efforts, this report also introduces a model for action that highlights different levels of prevention activities across a range of stakeholders and provides specific examples of how population health strategies can be translated into cohesive areas for action at federal, state, and local levels.

Each year the improvements in communication and transportation, the growing awarness that the resources of this earth are finite, the realization that the population explosion in any part of the world is a concern of all, and the increased economic interdependence of all countries, have increased importance of internationalism as opposed to nationalism. One of the first segments of our society to ignore political and geographic boundaries was that of medicine, particularly in the field of communicable diseases. Valient efforts have been made by some individuals at great personal sacrifice and by individual societies or organizations to prevent and cure blindness and to rehabilitate those who have lost their sight. Only recently, however, have such efforts been consolidated into a major international force. In 1969 the 22nd World Health Assembly of WHO adapted a resolution requesting the Director-General to undertake a study on the information which is at pre sent available on the extent and/or causes of preventable and curable blind ness. In 1972 a working group was convened by the World Health Organiza tion in Geneva to outline an attack on the prevention of blindness. At the Paris meeting of the International Congress of Ophthalmology in July of 1974, Mr. JOHN WILSON, who for many years had been one of the leaders in the prevention and cure of blindness on an international basis through his organization of the Royal Commonwealth Society for the Blind, was elected President of the International Association for Prevention of Blindness.

The book covers all aspects of eye health in South-East Asia from public health to health system to education to industry in 6 sections. The World Health Organization (WHO) South-East Asia region comprises of 11 countries - Bangladesh, Bhutan, DPR Korea, India, Indonesia, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Timor-Leste. This region is home to 26% of world population; there is a disproportionate amount of blindness (30.6%) and visual impairment (36%). This is a first of its kind book that discusses common conditions of visual impairment and blindness in the South-East Asia region. In addition, the book documents the current eye care industry in the region and the contribution of all eye health INGOs in eye care program planning and service delivery for many decades. Majority of the countries in the South-East Asia region are categorized in ‘middle-income country’ group. This book discusses the common challenges in these countries such as, suboptimal public expenditure in health, acute shortage of skilled eye health workforce, and rudimentary health industry. The book covers the following 6 sections: 1. Geographic description and health indices of the region 2. Health system evolved over years, including universal eye health, health financing and health management information system (HMIS) 3. Common eye problems including non-communicable disease NCD (and diabetic retinopathy), neglected tropical disease NTD (and Trachoma) 4. Health workforce in the region that includes ophthalmologists, optometrists, and allied ophthalmic personnel 5. Eye health support in the region of 13 international non-government organizations (INGOs) working for decades 6. Eye health industry in the region that includes spectacles, ophthalmic devices and equipment and the pharma industry The book would be a useful resource for ophthalmologists, all public health personnel and policy makers in eye health in the South-East Asia region specifically and all ophthalmologists and scientists interested in public health all over the world as well as for program planning to reach the 'Health for All' strategy by 2030 (United Nations Sustainable Development Goal, SDG 2030).

Written by an international team of ophthalmic practitioners, this authoritative book is a vital resource not only for ophthalmic professionals, but for any healthcare professional who cares for patients with eye problems. In the ten years since the first edition was published, practice has moved on, as has the evidence for practice. This second edition draws on the passion and goodwill of the original team of authors, complemented by other colleagues, to fully revise and update the text in line with new findings, new practice and new and exciting treatments. The book is broadly divided into three sections. The first section considers the structure and function of the eye, as well as the basic principles of ophthalmology and eye examination. The second section considers patient care in diverse settings, as well as work-related issues and patient education. It also includes two entirely new chapters on eye banking and global eye health. The third section takes a systematic approach to patient care, working from the front to the back of the eye, discussing some of the common disorders affecting each structure (such as the lens or cornea) or group of structures (such as the eyelids or lacrimal drainage system). The book concludes with a very useful glossary of ophthalmic terms. Some aspects of practice discussed in the text are, of necessity, UK based, but these are clearly indicated and, wherever possible, principles (rather than specifics) are addressed and readers are directed to local policies and interpretations. The first edition of this book became a core text for ophthalmic nursing, in particular, and for the education of ophthalmic nurses across the world. This new edition will provide a comprehensive, up-to-date, evidence-based resource for all ophthalmic healthcare professionals. Contents include: • Physiology of vision • Optics • Pharmacology • Examination of the eye • Visual impairment • Patient education • Work and the eye • Care of the adult ophthalmic patient in an inpatient setting • The care of the child undergoing ophthalmic treatment • Developments in day care surgery for ophthalmic patients • Ophthalmic theatre nursing • The care of patients presenting with acute problems • Eye banking • Global eye health • The eyelids and lacrimal drainage system • The conjunctiva • The cornea • The sclera • The lens • The uveal tract • The angle and aqueous • The retina and vitreous • The orbit and extraocular muscles • Visual and pupillary pathways and neuro-ophthalmology • The eye and systemic disease

Ocular infections remain an important cause of ocular morbidity and loss of vision, yet many are preventable or curable. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment help in the control of such infectious disorders and the prevention of blindness. There are many infectious diseases of the eye and adnexa and knowledge of their diagnosis and management is essential to an optimal therapeutic outcome. This book provides the practitioner with the important information required to ensure appropriate diagnosis and management of ocular infectious diseases. Specific clinical signs and symptoms are outlined, and the role of specific diagnostic tests, including molecular biology techniques, is explained. All of the most common microorganisms are considered and current knowledge on the antimicrobial therapy of ocular infections is clearly summarized. Ocular Infections will be a great help to physicians as a guide to the care of patients with ocular infectious diseases.

This unique book is a comprehensive coverage of the epidemiology of the world's major blinding eye diseases, written by internationally acclaimed experts in each field. Edited by world-renowned epidemiologists and ophthalmologists, the chapters on each leading cause of blindness describe its biology, epidemiology, risk factors, clinical trials, possibilities for prevention, and new research avenues. New chapters include Research Synthesis, Epidemiology of Dry Eye Disease, and Epidemiology of Uveitis, as well as programme issues for reaching the goal of eliminating avoidable blindness by 2020.This book is essential for any eye care practitioner interested in the causation or prevention of disease, and should be part of any public health discipline's library with a focus on improving eye health worldwide.

The anthrax incidents following the 9/11 terrorist attacks put the spotlight on the nation's public health agencies, placing it under an unprecedented scrutiny that added new dimensions to the complex issues considered in this report. The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century reaffirms the vision of Healthy People 2010, and outlines a systems approach to assuring the nation's health in practice, research, and policy. This approach focuses on joining the unique resources and perspectives of diverse sectors and entities and challenges these groups to work in a concerted, strategic way to promote and protect the public's health. Focusing on diverse partnerships as the framework for public health, the book discusses: The need for a shift from an individual to a population-based approach in practice, research, policy, and community engagement. The status of the governmental public health infrastructure and what needs to be improved, including its interface with the health care delivery system. The roles nongovernment actors, such as academia, business, local communities and the media can play in creating a healthy nation. Providing an accessible analysis, this book will be important to public health policy-makers and practitioners, business and community leaders, health advocates, educators and journalists.

Fully revised and updated throughout, the fourth edition of the Oxford Handbook of Ophthalmology now includes free access to the ophthalmic online media bank, a selection of high-quality clinical images and videos for a wide breadth of key ophthalmic diseases. Clear, concise, and practical, this handbook provides immediate access to the detailed clinical information you need, in casualty, clinic, theatre, and on the wards. The core of the book comprises a systematic synopsis of ophthalmic disease directed towards diagnosis, interim assessment, and ongoing management. Assessment boxes for common clinical conditions and algorithms for important clinical presentations illustrate this practical approach. The information is easily accessible, presented in a clear format with areas of importance highlighted. Key sections for the trainee include: Clinical Skills, Aids to Diagnosis, Investigations and their Interpretation, Perioperative Care, Theatre Notes and Therapeutics. The wider practise of eye-care is supported by expanded chapters on Refractive Ophthalmology, Vision in Context, Evidence Based Ophthalmology and Resources for Ophthalmologists. Now including newer treatments across a range of specialities such as SMILE, gene-therapy and retinal prostheses, as well as greater emphasis on the evidence underlying current clinical practice and guidelines, this handbook has never been more essential for all those working in eye-care. Whether you want to learn about patient-reported outcomes, identify a surgical instrument, interpret a statistical test, or diagnose and treat ophthalmic emergencies, you will find it here. Whatever your role in caring for patients with eye disease: ophthalmologist, optometrist, orthoptist, ophthalmic nurse, or other health profession - discover for yourself why this handbook has become the 'go-to' resource for tens of thousands of eye-care professionals around the world.

50 Studies Every Ophthalmologist Should Know presents key studies that have shaped the practice of ophthalmology. Selected using a rigorous methodology, emphasis has been placed on landmark studies which have influenced current ophthalmology practice guidelines. For each study, a concise summary is presented with an emphasis on the results and limitations of the study, and its implications for practice. An illustrative clinical case concludes each review, followed by brief information on other relevant studies. This book is a must-read for ophthalmologists, especially those in training or preparing for board review, as well as anyone who wants to learn more about the data behind clinical practice.