The results of scientific studies are used in making many governmental policy decisions. While the studies are often published, the data on which they are based may not be, even for federally funded research. Before 1999, academic and nonprofit performers of such research were permitted but not required to make their data available to the public through provisions of the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). In October 1998, a provision in P.L. 105-277 changed that, requiring that such data be made publicly available. This report provides background on the 1999 revisions to federal policy, a discussion of the impacts of those changes, and an analysis of the issues raised by them.

Examines issues associated with the provision know as the Shelby amendment in P.L. 105-277 to make data from federally funded research available to the public through the procedures established under the Freedom of Information Act. It discusses the context of the legislation, including previous rules, the development by the Office of Management and Budget of revisions to OMB Circular A-110 required by the statute; issues that it raises for Congress; and related legislative activities including H.R. 88.

This report presents current policy practice to promote access to publicly funded data for science, technology and innovation, as well as policy challenges for the future. It examines national policies and international initiatives, and identifies seven issues that require policy attention.

This document describes the DoD proposed draft plan that provides an approach to support increased public access to peer reviewed scholarly publications and digitally formatted scientific data arising from unclassified publicly releasable research and programs funded wholly or in part by the DoD, as directed by OSTP Memorandum: "Increasing Access to the Results of Federally Funded Scientific Research," dated 22 February 2013 and the Undersecretary of Defense for Acquisition Technology and Logistics (USD(AT&L)) Memorandum: "Public Access to the Results of Department of Defense-Funded Research," dated 9 July 2014. A primary mission of Defense research is to safeguard national security and maintain technological superiority of the U. S. military through advances in science, technology and engineering. By providing greater public access to DoD funded research, the Department seeks to encourage and accelerate scientific breakthroughs and innovation of potential interest to DoD in carrying out its mission. A robust industrial base and commercialization of DoD technologies will also benefit entrepreneurship, and enhance economic growth and job creation.

Public access to federally-funded research: hearing before the Subcommittee on Information Policy, Census, and National Archives of the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, second session, July 29, 2010.

Federally funded research : examining public access and scholarly publication interests : hearing before the Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, second session, Thursday, March 29, 2012.

The past 50 years have witnessed a revolution in computing and related communications technologies. The contributions of industry and university researchers to this revolution are manifest; less widely recognized is the major role the federal government played in launching the computing revolution and sustaining its momentum. Funding a Revolution examines the history of computing since World War II to elucidate the federal government's role in funding computing research, supporting the education of computer scientists and engineers, and equipping university research labs. It reviews the economic rationale for government support of research, characterizes federal support for computing research, and summarizes key historical advances in which government-sponsored research played an important role. Funding a Revolution contains a series of case studies in relational databases, the Internet, theoretical computer science, artificial intelligence, and virtual reality that demonstrate the complex interactions among government, universities, and industry that have driven the field. It offers a series of lessons that identify factors contributing to the success of the nation's computing enterprise and the government's role within it.

As digital technologies are expanding the power and reach of research, they are also raising complex issues. These include complications in ensuring the validity of research data; standards that do not keep pace with the high rate of innovation; restrictions on data sharing that reduce the ability of researchers to verify results and build on previous research; and huge increases in the amount of data being generated, creating severe challenges in preserving that data for long-term use. Ensuring the Integrity, Accessibility, and Stewardship of Research Data in the Digital Age examines the consequences of the changes affecting research data with respect to three issues - integrity, accessibility, and stewardship-and finds a need for a new approach to the design and the management of research projects. The report recommends that all researchers receive appropriate training in the management of research data, and calls on researchers to make all research data, methods, and other information underlying results publicly accessible in a timely manner. The book also sees the stewardship of research data as a critical long-term task for the research enterprise and its stakeholders. Individual researchers, research institutions, research sponsors, professional societies, and journals involved in scientific, engineering, and medical research will find this book an essential guide to the principles affecting research data in the digital age.