"These guidelines were produced by the World Health Organization (WHO), Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, in collaboration with the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) a Guidelines Development Group of technical experts, and in consultation with the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) secretariat and other WHO departments. WHO also wishes to acknowledge the financial contribution of UNODC and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) to this project. " - p. iv

Amphetamine Misuse appears at the beginning of a phase in drug history that will see changes in patterns of use which will impact society as a variety of levels: potential users; systems of health care; social control; international trade procedures, and even the economic bases of nations. It studies the nature of amphetamine use in different cultural settings, common features are identified and enigmas exposed. Greater international collaboration is needed if appropriate preventive measures are to be devised, and the sharing of information should be regarded as only a first step towards a more coordinated approach that includes social research within improved systems of national and international drug monitoring and communication.

This revised and updated edition of the Handbook of Pharmacy Healthcare provides a comprehensive account of a wide range of diseases for which medicinal treatment may be indicated. The book outlines the most appropriate means by which the pharmacist can impart information and advice, emphasising the 'patient' rather than the 'drug-related' aspects of pharmacy.

The brain is the most complex organ in our body. Indeed, it is perhaps the most complex structure we have ever encountered in nature. Both structurally and functionally, there are many peculiarities that differentiate the brain from all other organs. The brain is our connection to the world around us and by governing nervous system and higher function, any disturbance induces severe neurological and psychiatric disorders that can have a devastating effect on quality of life. Our understanding of the physiology and biochemistry of the brain has improved dramatically in the last two decades. In particular, the critical role of cations, including magnesium, has become evident, even if incompletely understood at a mechanistic level. The exact role and regulation of magnesium, in particular, remains elusive, largely because intracellular levels are so difficult to routinely quantify. Nonetheless, the importance of magnesium to normal central nervous system activity is self-evident given the complicated homeostatic mechanisms that maintain the concentration of this cation within strict limits essential for normal physiology and metabolism. There is also considerable accumulating evidence to suggest alterations to some brain functions in both normal and pathological conditions may be linked to alterations in local magnesium concentration. This book, containing chapters written by some of the foremost experts in the field of magnesium research, brings together the latest in experimental and clinical magnesium research as it relates to the central nervous system. It offers a complete and updated view of magnesiums involvement in central nervous system function and in so doing, brings together two main pillars of contemporary neuroscience research, namely providing an explanation for the molecular mechanisms involved in brain function, and emphasizing the connections between the molecular changes and behavior. It is the untiring efforts of those magnesium researchers who have dedicated their lives to unraveling the mysteries of magnesiums role in biological systems that has inspired the collation of this volume of work.

This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.

First published in 1972 this book guides the reader through the various elements behind drug dependency and addiction. Taking an objective view at the characteristics both chemical and biological, the criteria for evaluating dependency as well as the physiological effects drug dependency can have on the human body. Biological and Chemical Aspects of Drug Dependency is a useful reference for students of both medicine and psychology alike as well as for professionals in their respective fields.

The Pharmacological and Epidemiological Aspects of Adolescent Drug Dependence is a collection of proceedings presented at the International Symposium on the Pharmacological and Epidemiological Aspects of Adolescent Drug Dependence, held in London on September 1-2, 1966 under the auspices of the Society for the Study of Addiction to Alcohol and Other Drugs. The symposium provided a forum for discussing the pharmacological and epidemiological aspects of drug dependence in adolescents. Comprised of 10 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the chemistry and pharmacology of narcotic drugs in adolescence, as well as narcotic addiction in young people in the United States. The discussion then turns to pharmacology and clinical observations on stimulant drugs and hallucinogenic drugs; the epidemiology and social pharmacology of drugs of dependence; and features of adolescent drug dependence. Regulations aimed at controlling drugs of dependence are also analyzed in relation to the national incidence of adolescent dependence in certain countries such as Britain, Belgium, Israel, and the Netherlands. The remaining chapters focus on the language, evidence, and patterns of drug abuse, together with research in relation to drugs of dependence. This book will be of interest to pharmacologists, epidemiologists, and policymakers concerned with drug dependence.

Structure: 1. Step by Step Instruction for Addiction Recovery (Russian, Deutsch). 2. www.mednauka.net and www.medicine40.com 3. mednauka.net and Gold Eule.de video channels at Youtube.com. 4. Software www.mednauka-medicine40.com 5. Synergistic online resources: social networks, websites of organizations, and Internet projects with similar or overlapping goals (lists are available at www.mednauka.net, www.medicine40.com and are constantly updated). 6. Public, private, charitable and international organizations with similar or overlapping goals (lists are available at www.mednauka.net, www.medicine40.com and are constantly updated). 7. Individuals sharing the project goals. Project Mission: Provide information support to people suffering depressions, chronic fatigue, nicotine and alcohol addictions, their relatives, as well as doctors, teachers, social workers, managers at all levels and all those interested in the subject.

This volume addresses the general problem of drug addiction from several points of view, which are in some ways quite unique and different from other areas of pharmacology. Drug addiction is closely associated with criminal behavior. One of the great and noble edifices of civilization is the philosophic and ethical view that man is perfectible, and some believe that this can be achieved by providing the appropriate circumstance or environment in which man can mature and be educated. Some have postulated that drug abuse is a consequence of an inadequate or pathologic set of socializing experiences or is a consequence of basic conflicts between the values and accepted patterns of behavior of a subculture and that of a larger culture. The degree to which man is malleable and perfectible by social forces is not known nor do we know the true desirability of socializing individuals to the extent that their behavior does not deviate from social norms. Some deviancy is essential for innovation and creativity, and at times there may be difficulties in determining whether an innovator or creator is exhibiting sociopathic behavior or not. This aspect of drug addiction is inherently a matter of social values and ethics.