India's software industry jobs are filled by the privileged upper caste and top income earning class. US based MNCs subcontracted their routine, modular processes to save on labor costs. These software jobs are monotonous, low in technical skill with precarious labor conditions. Managerial roles are the only upward mobility opportunities for members of this privileged class and most of them cannot reach these positions. Mobility from the low-end software jobs into high-end, high skill cutting edge software jobs is minimal. Thus many members of India's privileged professional class remain "stuck" in low value, poor quality software jobs, making them "privileged" and "precariat."

White working-class experiences of South Africa's transition provide a reinterpretation of how class colours race in the era of neoliberalism.

Seminar paper from the year 2004 in the subject Economics - Case Scenarios, grade: 67% (Upper second class), University of Westminster (University of Westminster (London)), course: International Trade & Finance, language: English, abstract: Today India is the second most populous country in the world, with about 1.04 billion people. Two-thirds of India’s population work in the agricultural sector and account for around 25% of GDP. The Indian indicator of human development is one of the lowest in the world, and a large fraction of the population still lives below the poverty line. Nevertheless, due to India’s liberalising reform programme and the rising economic de-velopment, the number of poor people will decline to 220.1 million by 2007 according to the Planning Commission. The World Bank estimates that India will become the fourth largest economy in the world by 2020. While increasing pressures on domestic industry will have to cope with competition from imports, liberalisation of trade will open up new opportunities for ex-port of goods. India’s service sector has already become the dominant contributor to GDP, accounting for 46 per cent of the total. NASSCOM, the Indian industry’s lobby, has stated that the country’s exports from software, other IT services and business-process-outsourcing in-dustries grew by more than 25% to $12 billion last year, of which infrastructure services accounted for just over $300m. The global market for textiles, clothing and agricultural products will expand dramati-cally, but India’s ability to export will depend on its capacity to keep pace with rising international standards of price, quality productivity and service.

Heeks (technology and development, U. of Manchester) provides a critical analysis of the development of India's software industry and its impact on the recent policy of liberalization in the areas of trade, state intervention, and foreign investment. He concludes that liberalization has brought only limited benefits and argues that a successful software industry requires essential state interventions of a promotional nature. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

The Indian software industry has rapidly grown over the past decade, most of this growth has been derived from exports to the US market. This book deals with business models, particularly as the way that the software model in India has evolved is unique. It focuses on manpower resources in the software industry and knowledge diffusion through job switching and how this impacts on business strategy. The book uses primary data obtained through interviews and surveys including input from company managers.

A rethinking of South Africa's recent past, this book presents unique historical evidence of white working-class responses to the dismantling of apartheid and establishment of majority rule in South Africa, from the 1970s to present, placing this in the context of global debates on neoliberalism and identity politics.

This book presents the new Precariat – the rapidly growing number of people facing lives of insecurity, on zero hours contracts, moving in and out of jobs that give little meaning to their lives. The delivery driver who brings your packages, the uber driver who gets you to work, the security guard at the mall, the carer looking after our elderly...these are The Precariat. Guy Standing investigates this new and growing group, finding a frustrated and angry new underclass who are often ignored by politicians and economists. The rise of zero hours contracts, encouraged by fat cat corporations as risk-free employment, and by silicon valley as a way of outsourcing costs and responsibility, has been exacerbated by the COVID pandemic. At the same time, in its experience of lockdown, the western world is realizing the true value of these nurses, carers and key workers. The answer? The return of income security and meaningful work - the principles 20th century capitalism was built on. By making the fears and desires of the Precariat central to economic thinking, Standing shows how concepts like Basic Income are not just desirable but inevitable, and plots the way to a better future.

Steel Town Adivasis: Industry and Inequality in Eastern India presents an analysis of class formation in the industrial town, Rourkela in the eastern Indian state Odisha, and the ways this process relates to regional ethnicity and caste. This study is based on long-term ethnographic research conducted in the 2000s and oral histories covering the period from the inception of the steel plant, and it focusses on the region’s ‘tribes’, indigenous people or Adivasis who lost their land when the Government of India established a large steel plant in Rourkela in the 1950s. The book will be of interest to anthropologists, sociologists, historians interested in industrial labour and work, in class, caste, Adivasis, ethnicity and their dynamic entanglement, as well as students and activists. Print edition not for sale in South Asia (India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Bhutan)

The present state of research in precarity demands meta-questions and hence we need to probe both philosophy and practice in light of precarity’s different manifestations. The plural perspectives by which this phenomenon can be addressed also suggest potential for further theorization alongside that of Butler and her critics. By inviting scholars and experts from different fields and disciplines, and by applying multiple frameworks, methodological approaches, and critical lenses, this volume seeks to explore the different facets of our precarious world, while providing insights into the challenges of our possible futures.