This book offers a comprehensive analysis of private equity divestment processes--so-called exits--for European buyouts. Examining the efficiency of exits, it offers recommendations and guidelines for an integrated and exit-oriented private equity portfolio management. In addition, the book provides a detailed assessment of exit decision drivers. Its findings will contribute to a clearer understanding and better predictability of exit behavior.

Exits are the lifeblood of private equity: for private equity investors, at the top of their list of priorities when making an investment is an understanding of when and how they will realise it in due course. The methods of exiting private equity investments have developed over the years, and particularly in the more challenging economic environment of recent times. To the usual trade sales and initial public offerings (IPOs) have been added secondary, tertiary (and more) buy-outs, refinancings, partial sales, private equity house spin-outs and liquidations. As the economic environment continues to improve, exits ought to become easier to achieve; but in these uncertain times, private equity houses will continue to put a significant focus on what options might be available to them to realise their portfolio investments, being mindful of not just the economic risks, but also the legal, tax, regulatory and reputational issues at stake. Management teams are key to this process and their economic, commercial and personal priorities cannot be underestimated in what is a very complex environment of often conflicting aspirations. This practical guide features contributions by leading specialists (including from Clifford Chance, Travers Smith, Freshfields and Macfarlanes) on a range of topics linked to the exit of private equity investments. Topics featured include preparing for exits, vendor diligence, management issues, auction sales, partial exits, private equity house spin-outs, IPOs, refinancing, winding-up, tax and the Luxembourg perspective. Together, the contributors provide an invaluable guide to the legal, regulatory, tax and practical elements in play. Whether you are a lawyer in practice or in-house, this commercially focused new title will provide you with an invaluable all-round overview of private equity exits.

Exits are the lifeblood of private equity: for private equity investors, at the top of their list of priorities when making an investment is an understanding of when and how they will realise it in due course. The methods of exiting private equity investments have developed over the years, and particularly as a result of the hyper-competitive market for quality assets and disruption caused by global macro-economic events such as the novel coronavirus pandemic.To the usual trade sales and initial public offerings (IPOs) have been added secondary, tertiary (and more) buy-outs, refinancings, partial sales, private equity house spin-outs, liquidations and an increasing number of "fund-to-fund" transfers. In these uncertain times, private equity houses will continue to put a significant focus on what options might be available to them to realise their portfolio investments, being mindful of not just the economic risks, but also the legal, tax, regulatory and reputational issues at stake. Management teams are key to this process and their economic, commercial and personal priorities cannot be underestimated in what is a very complex environment of often conflicting aspirations.This practical guide features contributions by leading specialists (including from Latham & Watkins, Linklaters, Macfarlanes and Ropes & Gray) on a range of topics linked to the exit of private equity investments. Topics featured include preparing for exits, vendor diligence, management issues, auction sales, partial exits, private equity house spin-outs, IPOs, refinancing, winding-up, tax and perspectives from Luxembourg, the US and views on the emerging markets.The third edition also includes analysis on emerging and established trends impacting exit terms, including early management liquidity, the prevalence of insurance solutions and related party or fund-to-fund exits.Together, the contributors provide an invaluable guide to the legal, regulatory, tax and practical elements in play. Whether you are a lawyer in practice or in-house, this commercially focused title will provide you with an invaluable all-round overview of private equity exits.

This practical guide features contributions by leading specialists (including from Clifford Chance, Travers Smith, Freshfields and Macfarlanes) on a range of topics linked to the exit of private equity investments. Topics featured include preparing for exits, vendor diligence, management issues, auction sales, partial exits, private equity house spin-outs, IPOs, refinancing, winding-up, tax and the Luxembourg perspective

Using deal-level data from exit transactions initiated by private equity firms, we compare the valuation of three different private equity exit strategies (trade sale, secondary sale, and IPO). After controlling for target and deal characteristics, we find that private equity firms receive less when selling their portfolio companies to another private equity firm or when going public, compared to selling to a strategic buyer. The discounts remain significant when using different valuation methodologies for pricing (enterprise value/EBITDA multiple and Q-Ratio) and are consistent for all regressions conducted in this paper. We show that the valuation delta between strategic buyers and the two other buyer groups varies by industry and therefore argue that the discount seen in secondary sales and IPOs is mainly driven by a lack of synergies.

Matthias Eckermann analyzes how venture capitalists (VCs) integrate information efficiency considerations into their exit strategies. He shows that VCs adopt specific strategies to cope with information gaps upon exit in terms of timing, exit vehicles and promotion efforts. On this basis he develops a framework to help VCs to improve profitability through decisive exit strategies.

During the past few decades, private equity (PE) has attracted considerable attention from investors, practitioners, and academicians. In fact, a substantial literature on PE has emerged. PE offers benefits for institutional and private wealth management clients including diversification and enhancement of risk-adjusted returns. However, several factors such as liquidity concerns, regulatory restrictions, and the lack of transparency limit the attractiveness of some PE options to investors. The latest volume in the Financial Markets and Investments Series, Private Equity: Opportunities and Risks offers a synthesis of the theoretical and empirical literature on PE in both emerging and developed markets. Editors H. Kent Baker, Greg Filbeck, Halil Kiymaz and their co-authors examine PE and provide important insights about topics such as major types of PE (venture capital, leveraged buyouts, mezzanine capital, and distressed debt investments), how PE works, performance and measurement, uses and structure, and trends in the market. Readers can gain an in-depth understanding about PE from academics and practitioners from around the world. Private Equity: Opportunities and Risks provides a fresh look at the intriguing yet complex subject of PE. A group of experts takes readers through the core topics and issues of PE, and also examines the latest trends and cutting-edge developments in the field. The coverage extends from discussing basic concepts and their application to increasingly complex and real-world situations. This new and intriguing examination of PE is essential reading for anyone hoping to gain a better understanding of PE, from seasoned professionals to those aspiring to enter the demanding world of finance.

The definitive guide to private equity for investors and finance professionals Mastering Private Equity was written with a professional audience in mind and provides a valuable and unique reference for investors, finance professionals, students and business owners looking to engage with private equity firms or invest in private equity funds. From deal sourcing to exit, LBOs to responsible investing, operational value creation to risk management, the book systematically distils the essence of private equity into core concepts and explains in detail the dynamics of venture capital, growth equity and buyout transactions. With a foreword by Henry Kravis, Co-Chairman and Co-CEO of KKR, and special guest comments by senior PE professionals. This book combines insights from leading academics and practitioners and was carefully structured to offer: A clear and concise reference for the industry expert A step-by-step guide for students and casual observers of the industry A theoretical companion to the INSEAD case book Private Equity in Action: Case Studies from Developed and Emerging Markets Features guest comments by senior PE professionals from the firms listed below: Abraaj • Adams Street Partners • Apax Partners • Baring PE Asia • Bridgepoint • The Carlyle Group • Coller Capital • Debevoise & Plimpton LLP • FMO • Foundry Group • Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer • General Atlantic • ILPA • Intermediate Capital Group • KKR Capstone • LPEQ • Maxeda • Navis Capital • Northleaf Capital • Oaktree Capital • Partners Group • Permira • Terra Firma