This study explores pragmatic strategies in disagreement affected by power relations in Mandarin Chinese with data collected in the People's Republic of China. This study first investigates in what ways power relations in Chinese university settings influence pragmatic strategies in disagreement. The study then shows with natural data that a new cultural orientation characterized by new features has emerged among the Chinese people. Thirdly, the author probes the controversial issue of pragmatics and power, and proves that the maxim of Relevance can be taken as a supermaxim of CP, which dominates the analyses of the relationship between language use and social parameters. Si Liu has successfully initiated a combination of statistical analysis and ethnographic approach in pragmatic research. Her findings in the study are valuable contributions to the research both in Chinese culture and in empirical pragmatics.

Language is magic. This magic happens when new ideas come to our minds or when we come across notions which are new to us, i.e. when we use language productively and construct our own world. The magic (in the productivity) of language works in various linguistic areas, e.g. phonetics, lexicology, phraseology, pragmatics, languages for specific purposes and multilingualism. In language teaching and learning, this magic comes into effect when language meets content, when we try to adapt our teaching to our learners’ needs or when we need to leave our comfort zone to take risks. With contributions by Lizeta Demetriou, Bessie Dendrinos, Olga Dobrunoff, Rashit Emini, Douglas Fleming, Thomas H. Goetz, Ourania Katsara, Bernd Klewitz, Katrin Menzel, Torten Piske, Lea Pöschik, Ronald Kresta, Nikolay Slavkov, Anja Steinlen, and Brikena & Gëzim Xhaferi, this edited volume features articles that cover a diversity of research findings which deal with the magic of language in various contexts and linguistic settings in Europe, America and Asia. Saarbrücken Series on Linguistics and Language Methodology (SSLLM) Series Editor: Prof. Thomas Tinnefeld

Departing from Schneider and Barron (2008), representing the emerging field of Variational Pragmatics, this volume examines pragmatic variation focusing on methods utilized to collect and analyze data in a variety of first (L1) and second (L2) language contexts. The objectives are to: (1) examine variation in such areas of pragmatics as speech acts, conventional expressions, metapragmatics, stance, frames, mitigation, communicative action, (im)politeness, and implicature; and (2) critically review central methodological concerns relevant for research in pragmatic variation, such as coding, ethical issues, qualitative and quantitative methods, and individual variation. Theoretical frameworks vary from variationist and interactional sociolinguistics, to variational pragmatics. This collection contains eleven chapters by leading scholars, including two state-of-the art chapters on key methodological issues of pragmatic variation study. Given the theoretical perspectives, methodological focus, and analyses, the book will be of interest to those who study pragmatics, discourse analysis, second language acquisition, sociolinguistics, corpus linguistics, and language variation.

“An excellent workbook-like guide” to the nuts and bolts of professional conflict and the strategies you need to make conflict work for you (Booklist, starred review). Every workplace is a minefield of conflict, and all office tension is shaped by power. Making Conflict Work teaches you to identify the nature of a conflict, determine your power position relative to anyone opposing you, and use the best strategy for achieving your goals. These strategies are equally effective for executives, managers and their direct reports, consultants, and attorneys—anyone who has ever had a disagreement with someone in their organization. Packed with helpful self-assessment exercises and action plans, this book gives you the tools you need to achieve greater satisfaction and success. “A genuine winner.” —Robert B. Cialdini, author of Influence “This book is a necessity . . . Read it.” —Leymah Gbowee, 2011 Nobel Peace Prize laureate and Liberian peace activist “Innovative and practical.” —Lawrence Susskind, Program on Negotiation cofounder “Navigating conflict effectively is an essential component of leadership. Making Conflict Work illustrates when to compromise and when to continue driving forward.” —Hon. David N. Dinkins, 106th mayor of the City of New York “An excellent workbook-like guide.” —Booklist, starred review

Interaction in Mandarin Chinese and English as a Multilingua Franca: Context, Practice, and Perception proposes a model of context, practice, and perception and raises awareness of the importance of understanding language use and perception in context in order to avoid intercultural communication misunderstandings. This book provides an overview of previous research on the pragmatics of Chinese and English as a multilingua franca in multilingual contexts. It argues that context is socioculturally shaped, interactionally constructed, and personally related. Context can influence and be established by the practice and perception of communicative acts. This book also combines the proposed model with the discursive-interactional approach to uncover the interplay of context, practice, and perception of extended concurrent speech for strong disagreement by native Chinese speakers in spontaneous conversations in Mandarin and English as a multilingua franca.

Abstract: Disagreement is generally done in opposition to a speaker's claim, in an educational context it can be defined as a student's verbal or non-verbal opposition to classmates' or the teacher's stance that emerge through different instructional and non-instructional situations. The purpose of the study is to qualitatively examine Egyptian undergraduates' disagreements with participants of different power relations in EFL classrooms from a politeness theory perspective. The study introduces Egyptian EFL classrooms as a new context for studying the interface of power and politeness in disagreements in general and for exploring the impact of other variables such as context, social distance and type of interactional activities on the realization of disagreements. Data were collected through videotaping two classes of business-English, with a total of 18 hours of observation. In addition, interviews were conducted with a sub-set of the participants to gather in-depth information about the students’ pragmatic choices and a questionnaire evaluating social distance between peers was administered to all participants. In the 18 hours of data collected, 34 students expressed 90 turns of disagreement; 35 of these were directed to the teacher, while 55 were to peers. Spontaneous disagreements were coded and categorized according to the Brown and Levinson (1987) politeness theory using Rees-Miller’s (2000) taxonomy, adapted here to include strategies from Muntigl and Turnbull's (1998) taxonomy. Analysis of the data showed that although students employed various positive and negative politeness strategies to soften disagreements when addressing power superiors, students employed many aggravated disagreements when discussing the teachers' language input .The use of different negative politeness strategies and aggravated disagreements between peers were attributed to social distance and the type of interactional activities. The findings of this study might help provide some insight into the aspects that should be incorporated into the teaching of pragmatics in EFL classrooms.

The Routledge Handbook of Language and Intercultural Communication provides a comprehensive historical survey of language and intercultural communication studies with a critical assessment of past and present theory, research, and practice, as well as an insight into future directions. Drawing on the expertise of leading scholars from different parts of the world, this second edition offers updated chapters by returning authors and many new contributions on a broad range of topics, including reflexivity and criticality, translanguaging, and social justice in relation to intercultural communication.With an emphasis on contemporary, critical perspectives, this handbook showcases the varied range of issues, perspectives, and approaches that characterise this increasingly important field in today’s globalised world. Offering 34 chapters with examples from a variety of languages and international settings, this handbook is an indispensable resource for students and scholars working in the fields of intercultural communication, applied linguistics, TESOL/ TEFL, and communication studies.

Pragmatics has grown considerably in its relatively short history, from its original disciplinary influences in philosophy and linguistics, into a multidisciplinary field that encompasses a range of theoretical and empirical concerns. The Routledge Pragmatics Encyclopedia captures the diversity of these intellectual interests in a comprehensive, single-volume edition. The Routledge Pragmatics Encyclopedia covers concepts and theories that have traditionally been associated with pragmatics, but also recent areas of development within the field, scholars who have had a significant influence on pragmatics, interdisciplinary exchanges between pragmatics and other areas of enquiry and all major research trends. Extensive cross-references between entries, along with suggestions for further reading at the end of entries, ensure that the interested reader can pursue additional study of chosen topics. With over 200 entries, written by leading academics from around the world, The Routledge Pragmatics Encyclopedia captures the rich complexity of pragmatics in an accessible manner. This reference will be relevant to students of pragmatics as well as to established scholars in the field.

This book presents a longitudinal, quasi-experimental classroom study into the effects of inductive and deductive instruction on the acquisition of pragmatic competence in adult English-as-a-Foreign-Language learners. Set within the explicit teaching paradigm, it presents the first systematic analysis of the contrast between inductive and deductive teaching methods in instructional pragmatics. Two learner groups were taught about disagreement and offer refusal, and their pragmatic skills were...

Having been established as a field in its own right for the last decade, intercultural pragmatics is increasingly being recognized as an important area of research among scholars working in pragmatics. The present volume is a collection of selected papers from the 6th International Conference on Intercultural Pragmatics and Communication – admittedly the biggest venue for researchers in the area, and comprises contributions that report on recent research that deals with or can directly inform work in intercultural pragmatics. Given the breadth of research areas that are represented herein, ranging from lingua franca and business communication to the study of cultural perceptions, translation and pragmatic development, this volume is bound to be of interest to not only students and scholars engaged in the area of intercultural pragmatics, but also to all those with a more general interest in the sociocultural turn in the study of pragmatics.