Duplex Stainless Steels (DSSs) are chromium-nickel-molybdenum-iron alloys that are usually in proportions optimized for equalizing the volume fractions of austenite and ferrite. Due to their ferritic-austenitic microstructure, they possess a higher mechanical strength and a better corrosion resistance than standard austenitic steels. This type of steel is now increasing its application and market field due to its very good properties and relatively low cost. This book is a review of the most recent progress achieved in the last 10 years on microstructure, corrosion resistance and mechanical strength properties, as well as applications, due to the development of new grades. Special attention will be given to fatigue and fracture behavior and to proposed models to account for mechanical behavior. Each subject will be developed in chapters written by experts recognized around the international industrial and scientific communities. The use of duplex stainless steels has grown rapidly in the last 10 years, particularly in the oil and gas industry, chemical tankers, pulp and paper as well as the chemical industry. In all these examples, topics like welding, corrosion resistance and mechanical strength properties (mainly in the fatigue domain) are crucial. Therefore, the update of welding and corrosion properties and the introduction of topics like texture effects, fatigue and fracture strength properties, and mechanical behavior modeling give this book specific focus and character.

Les aciers inoxydables duplex sont des alliages Fe-Cr-Ni-Mo dont l'utilisation s'est fortement accrue depuis 10 ans. Leur structure biphasée leur assure une plus haute résistance mécanique et une plus haute résistance à la corrosion que n'ont les aciers inoxydables austénitiques standard. Ces nuances duplex ont un succès commercial continument croissant pour un large domaine d'applications (secteurs énergétiques, industries du gaz et du pétrole, industries chimiques, chimiquiers, industries du papier et de la pâte à papier…), dû à leurs très bonnes propriétés et leur relativement faible coût.

This book contains selected papers presented at the second international Conference on Progress in Digital and Physical Manufacturing (ProDPM'21), organized by the School of Technology and Management (ESTG) of the Polytechnic Institute of Leiria (IPL), from the 27th to 29th of October 2021. It represents a significant contribution to the current advances in digital and physical manufacturing issues as it contains topical research in this field. The book is an essential reading for all of those working on digital and physical manufacturing, promoting better links between the academia and the industry. The conference papers cover a wide range of important topics like biomanufacturing, advanced rapid prototyping technologies, rapid tooling and manufacturing, micro-fabrication, 3D CAD and data acquisition, and collaborative design.

This book serves as a reference for engineers, scientists, and students concerned with the use of materials in applications where reliability and resistance to corrosion are important. It updates the coverage of its predecessor, including coverage of: corrosion rates of steel in major river systems and atmospheric corrosion rates, the corrosion behavior of materials such as weathering steels and newer stainless alloys, and the corrosion behavior and engineering approaches to corrosion control for nonmetallic materials. New chapters include: high-temperature oxidation of metals and alloys, nanomaterials, and dental materials, anodic protection. Also featured are chapters dealing with standards for corrosion testing, microbiological corrosion, and electrochemical noise.

Materials science is the magic that allows us to change the chemical composition and microstructure of material to regulate its corrosion-mechanical, technological, and functional properties. Five major classes of stainless steels are widely used: ferritic, austenitic, martensitic, duplex, and precipitation hardening. Austenitic stainless steels are extensively used for service down to as low as the temperature of liquid helium (-269oC). This is largely due to the lack of a clearly defined transition from ductile to brittle fracture in impact toughness testing. Steels with ferritic or martensitic structures show a sudden change from ductile (safe) to brittle (unsafe) fracture over a small temperature difference. Even the best of these steels shows this behavior at temperatures higher than -100oC and in many cases only just below zero. Various types of stainless steel are used across the whole temperature range from ambient to 1100oC. This book will be useful to scientists, engineers, masters, graduate students, and students. I hope readers will enjoy this book and that it will serve to create new materials with unique properties.