In recent years public expectations for rapid identification and prompt management of emerging drug safety issues have grown swiftly. Over a similar timeframe, the move from paper-based adverse event reporting systems to electronic capture and rapid transmission of data has resulted in the accrual of substantial datasets capable of complex analysis and querying by industry, regulators and other public health organizations. These two drivers have created a fertile environment for pharmacovigilance scientists, information technologists and statistical experts, working together, to deliver novel approaches to detect signals from these extensive and quickly growing datasets, and to manage them appropriately. In following this exciting story, this report looks at the practical consequences of these developments for pharmacovigilance practitioners. The report provides a comprehensive resource for those considering how to strengthen their pharmacovigilance systems and practices, and to give practical advice. But the report does not specify instant solutions. These will inevitably be situation specific and require careful consideration taking into account local needs. However, the CIOMS Working Group VIII is convinced that the combination of methods and a clear policy on the management of signals will strengthen current systems. Finally, in looking ahead, the report anticipates a number of ongoing developments, including techniques with wider applicability to other data forms than individual case reports. The ultimate test for pharmacovigilance systems is the demonstration of public health benefit and it is this test which signal detection methodologies need to meet if the expectations of all stakeholders are to be fulfilled.

Highly Commended at the BMA Medical Book Awards 2015 Mann’s Pharmacovigilance is the definitive reference for the science of detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of the adverse effects of medicines, including vaccines and biologics. Pharmacovigilance is increasingly important in improving drug safety for patients and reducing risk within the practice of pharmaceutical medicine. This new third edition covers the regulatory basis and the practice of pharmacovigilance and spontaneous adverse event reporting throughout the world. It examines signal detection and analysis, including the use of population-based databases and pharmacoepidemiological methodologies to proactively monitor for and assess safety signals. It includes chapters on drug safety practice in specific organ classes, special populations and special products, and new developments in the field. From an international team of expert editors and contributors, Mann’s Pharmacovigilance is a reference for everyone working within pharmaceutical companies, contract research organisations and medicine regulatory agencies, and for all researchers and students of pharmaceutical medicine. The book has been renamed in honor of Professor Ronald Mann, whose vision and leadership brought the first two editions into being, and who dedicated his long career to improving the safety and safe use of medicines.

This User’s Guide is intended to support the design, implementation, analysis, interpretation, and quality evaluation of registries created to increase understanding of patient outcomes. For the purposes of this guide, a patient registry is an organized system that uses observational study methods to collect uniform data (clinical and other) to evaluate specified outcomes for a population defined by a particular disease, condition, or exposure, and that serves one or more predetermined scientific, clinical, or policy purposes. A registry database is a file (or files) derived from the registry. Although registries can serve many purposes, this guide focuses on registries created for one or more of the following purposes: to describe the natural history of disease, to determine clinical effectiveness or cost-effectiveness of health care products and services, to measure or monitor safety and harm, and/or to measure quality of care. Registries are classified according to how their populations are defined. For example, product registries include patients who have been exposed to biopharmaceutical products or medical devices. Health services registries consist of patients who have had a common procedure, clinical encounter, or hospitalization. Disease or condition registries are defined by patients having the same diagnosis, such as cystic fibrosis or heart failure. The User’s Guide was created by researchers affiliated with AHRQ’s Effective Health Care Program, particularly those who participated in AHRQ’s DEcIDE (Developing Evidence to Inform Decisions About Effectiveness) program. Chapters were subject to multiple internal and external independent reviews.

Drug Safety in Developing Countries: Achievements and Challenges provides comprehensive information on drug safety issues in developing countries. Drug safety practice in developing countries varies substantially from country to country. This can lead to a rise in adverse reactions and a lack of reporting can exasperate the situation and lead to negative medical outcomes. This book documents the history and development of drug safety systems, pharmacovigilance centers and activities in developing countries, describing their current situation and achievements of drug safety practice. Further, using extensive case studies, the book addresses the challenges of drug safety in developing countries. - Provides a single resource for educators, professionals, researchers, policymakers, organizations and other readers with comprehensive information and a guide on drug safety related issues - Describes current achievements of drug safety practice in developing countries - Addresses the challenges of drug safety in developing countries - Provides recommendations, including practical ways to implement strategies and overcome challenges surrounding drug safety

In spite of recent progress in the harmonization of terminology and processes affecting work on the clinical safety of medicines consensus is needed on standards for many difficult aspects of day-to-day pharmacovigilance that continue to pose problems for both the pharmaceutical industry and drug regulators. The CIOMS V Working Group has generated proposals for pragmatic approaches to dealing with such issues as: classification and handling of individual safety case reports from a variety of sources (spontaneous consumer reports solicited reports literature the Internet observational studies and secondary data bases disease and other registries regulatory ADR databases and licensor-licensee interactions); new approaches to case management and regulatory reporting practices (proper clinical evaluation of cases incidental vs other events patient and reporter identifiability seriousness criteria expectedness criteria case follow-up criteria and the role and structure of case narratives); improvements and efficiencies in the format content and reporting of periodic safety update reports (PSURs) (including results of an industry survey on PSUR workloads and practices; proposals for high case volume and long time-period reports simplification of certain PSURs summary bridging reports addendum reports license renewal reports for EU and Japan dealing with old products and other technical details); determination and use of population exposure (denominator) data (sources of data and a guide to analytical approaches for a variety of circumstances).The Group has also taken stock of the current state of expedited and periodic clinical safety reporting requirements around the world with summary data on regulations from more than 60 countries. Recommendations are made for enhancing the harmonization steps already taken as a result of previous CIOMS publications and the ICH process. In addition to dealing with unfinished and unresolved issues from previous CIOMS initiatives the report covers many emerging topics such as those involving new technologies. Its 20 Appendices provide a wealth of detailed explanations and reference information. It is the most comprehensive and recent treatment of difficult pharmacovigilance issues affecting the working practices and systems of drug safety and other pharmaceutical professionals.

Pharmacovigilance is the science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. This introductory guide is designed to aid the rapid understanding of the key principles of pharmacovigilance. Packed full of examples illustrating drug safety issues it not only covers the processes involved, but the regulatory aspects and ethical and societal considerations of pharmacovigilance. Covering the basics step-by-step, this book is perfect for beginners and is essential reading for those new to drug safety departments and pharmaceutical medicine students. The second edition is thoroughly revised and updated throughout and includes a new chapter on clinical aspects of pharmacovigilance.

Risk management of medicines is a wide and rapidly evolving concept and practice, following a medicine throughout its lifecycle, from first administration in humans through clinical studies and then marketing in the patient population at large. Previous reports from CIOMS I - VIII provided practical guidance in some essential components of risk management such as terminology and reporting of adverse drug reactions, management of safety information from clinical trials, and safety signal detection. Beyond the detection, identification, and characterization of risk, "risk minimization" is used as an umbrella term for the prevention or mitigation of an undesirable outcome. Risk management always includes tools for "routine risk minimization" such as product information, the format depending on the jurisdiction, to inform the patient and the prescriber, all of which serve to prevent or mitigate adverse effects. Until this current CIOMS IX document, limited guidance has been available on how to determine which risks need "additional risk minimization," select the appropriate tools, apply and implement such tools globally and locally, and measure if they are effective and valuable. Included in the report is a CIOMS framework for the evaluation of effectiveness of risk minimization, a discussion of future trends and developments, an annex specifically addressing vaccines, and examples from real life.

The aim of this publication is to brief drug regulatory authorities, scientific institutions and pharmaceutical companies worldwide about the development, purpose and appropriate use of Standardized MedDRA Queries (SMQs) in drug surveillance. Two papers in this publication are to assist in the rational use of search queries in the identification and retrieval of potentially relevant individual case safety reports from a database and to harmonize presentation of search results. It also includes examples to illustrate the structure and content of end product.

This book illustrates, in a comprehensive manner, the most current areas of importance to Safety Pharmacology, a burgeoning unique pharmacological discipline with important ties to academia, industry and regulatory authorities. It provides readers with a definitive collection of topics containing essential information on the latest industry guidelines and overviews current and breakthrough topics in both functional and molecular pharmacology. An additional novelty of the book is that it constitutes academic, pharmaceutical and biotechnology perspectives for Safety Pharmacology issues. Each chapter is written by an expert in the area and includes not only a fundamental background regarding the topic but also detailed descriptions of currently accepted, validated models and methods as well as innovative methodologies used in drug discovery.

A comprehensive primer and reference, this book provides pharmacists and health practitioners the relevant science and policy concepts behind biologics, biosimilars, and biobetters from a practical and clinical perspective. Explains what pharmacists need to discuss the equivalence, efficacy, safety, and risks of biosimilars with physicians, health practitioners, and patients about Guides regulators on pragmatic approaches to dealing with these drugs in the context of rapidly evolving scientific and clinical evidence Balances scientific information on complex drugs with practical information, such as a checklist for pharmacists