Today One Of The Issues Of Concern Is The Level Of Women'S Participation In Political Life. In This Context Reservation Seats Is One Of The Instrument Of Political Empowerment For Women. Karnataka Has Been The First State To Introduce The Policy Of Reservation In The Panchayati Raj Institutions. It Is In This Context That The Study Had Been Taken Up And It Intended To Touch Upon Various Aspects Of Women'S Functioning In The Panchayati Raj Institutions Andits Impacts On The Overall Development Of Wormen Especially In The Rural Areas.

The book illustrates how community-based actions, programs, and organizations that allow women to determine their lives and participate in decision making contribute to the creation of a civil society and thus enhance democracy. The case studies show how participation in grassroots movements promotes women's involvement in their organizations, communities, and in societal institutions, as it influences state policy and empowers women in personal relationships.

The empowerment of women by their increased participation in all aspects of political, social and economic life has become one of the major goals of democratic and participatory movements, as well as women's organizations, throughout the world. This book examines the vital interaction of women's increasing participation, decision-making and empowerment. Marilee Karl also examines the legal, economic and social obstacles faced by women around the world. She provides vivid examples of women responding to those challenges. Beyond offering an understanding of what participation and empowerment are and can be, this book seeks to promote women's participation whether at the grassroots or at national and international levels. The book looks at the growing involvement of women in different organizations, politics and public life, development programmes and international decision-making. It outlines the strategies, mechanisms and tools that women are using for their empowerment and explains new priorities and perspectives that women are bringing to today's key issues.

This dissertation reflects on the potential of informal political spaces related to transparency and accountability of local public services in the endeavours of enhancing womens leadership and political empowerment. Based on a field work, this dissertation highlights the processes of monitoring of local public services conducted by women-led grassroots agencies as well as the underlying processes of enhancing leadership and political empowerment of grassroots women through informal political spaces and processes like women-led citizen monitoring. This dissertation covers two distinct cases of women-led citizen monitoring. Qualitative methods and techniques were applied in the dissertation. Kabeers (1999) notion on the three dimensions of empowerment was followed in the dissertation as theoretical framework. This dissertation does not show any empirical evidence that monitoring of local public services, if conducted by women-led grassroots agencies, empowers the grassroots women politically. However, it can be indicated that the processes and spaces studies here are likely to offer space for building active citizenship or political agency among the grassroots women.

Who are the grassroots warriors on the front lines of the war on poverty? Through in-depth interviews, Nancy Naples presents the voices of over sixty women--African American, Puerto Rican and white European American--who have fought for social and economic justice in the low-income neighborhoods of New York City and Philadelphia. These women, as community workers and activist mothers, contribute vital and often unpaid services to ther communities, offering complex political perspectives and empowering others. Naples reconceptualizes labor, mothering and politics from the standpoint of women committed to work and politically organize on behalf of low income urban communities. Her analysis reveals significant legacies from past social movements, and examines how gender, ethnicity and class influence political consciousness and practice.

Today, gender equality is widely seen as a critical dimension of democracy. Over the past three decades, the United States and other donor governments have spent millions on aid programs that seek to advance women's equal political participation and leadership around the world. What do these assistance programs consist of, and how effective have they been? In Aiding Empowerment, Saskia Brechenmacher and Katherine Mann take a critical look at this growing field of international aid and policy action. Drawing on research in Kenya, Nepal, Morocco, and Myanmar, they examine the varied methods aid providers use to challenge patriarchal political structures and support local reformers, identify persisting challenges and promising innovations, and make practical recommendations for reform.

The authors in this volume address the questions 'What is empowerment?' Is it power over resources? Is it the ability to create 'effective demand'? Is it about the ability to make choices? Is it about access to resources and how they are controlled, politically, economically, by NGOs, by political parties, by the state? Do political parties facilitate or do they channel energies away from empowerment? They evaluate how in different circumstances different political agents have been seen as provider of resources.

Women the world over are being prevented from engaging in politics. Women's political leadership of any sort is a rarity and a career in politics rarer still. We have, however, begun to understand what it takes to create an enabling environment for women's political participation. In this exciting and pioneering collection, writers from Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East are brought together for the first time to talk explicitly about women's participation in the political scene across the global South. Answering such questions as how women can get political apprenticeship opportunities, how these opportunities translate into the pursuit of a political career, and how these pursuits then influence the kind of political platform women advocate once in power, Women in Politics is essential reading for anyone interested in what it means to engage politically.