This volume provides information on how to select and screen plants for their medicinal properties. It describes phytopharmacological techniques for extracting and qualitatively and quantitatively analyzing a plant’s phytochemicals. After a detailed in vitro investigation including nutritional and anti-nutritional analyses, medicinal properties were tested with various in vivo models for anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-pyretic, anticancer and anti-diabetic properties, as well as wound healing, neurodegenerative diseases, etc. Compound identification and purification techniques include, among others, TLC and column chromatography, as well as molecular docking with specific proteins.

Plants produce a huge array of natural products (secondary metabolites). These compounds have important ecological functions, providing protection against attack by herbivores and microbes and serving as attractants for pollinators and seed-dispersing agents. They may also contribute to competition and invasiveness by suppressing the growth of neighboring plant species (a phenomenon known as allelopathy). Humans exploit natural products as sources of drugs, flavoring agents, fragrances and for a wide range of other applications. Rapid progress has been made in recent years in understanding natural product synthesis, regulation and function and the evolution of metabolic diversity. It is timely to bring this information together with contemporary advances in chemistry, plant biology, ecology, agronomy and human health to provide a comprehensive guide to plant-derived natural products. Plant-derived natural products: synthesis, function and application provides an informative and accessible overview of the different facets of the field, ranging from an introduction to the different classes of natural products through developments in natural product chemistry and biology to ecological interactions and the significance of plant-derived natural products for humans. In the final section of the book a series of chapters on new trends covers metabolic engineering, genome-wide approaches, the metabolic consequences of genetic modification, developments in traditional medicines and nutraceuticals, natural products as leads for drug discovery and novel non-food crops.

This book addresses the highly relevant and complex subject of research on drugs from natural products, discussing the current hot topics in the field. It also provides a detailed overview of the strategies used to research and develop these drugs. Respected experts explore issues involved in the production chain and when looking for new medicinal agents, including aspects such as therapeutic potential, functional foods, ethnopharmacology, metabolomics, virtual screening and regulatory scenarios. Further, the book describes strategic methods of isolation and characterization of active principles, biological assays, biotechnology of plants, synthesis, clinical trials and the use of tools to identity active principles.

Phytochemicals are the individual chemicals from which the plants are made and plants are the key sources of raw materials for both pharmaceutical and aromatic industries. The improved methods for higher yield of active compounds will be the major incentive in these industries. To help those who involved in the isolation of compounds from plants, some of the essential phytochemical techniques are included in this book. It contains 10 chapters. A brief introduction is given in Chapter 1. Chapter 2 deals with the production processes for herbals and botanicals. Selection of plant and plant parts for phytochemical analysis are included in Chapter 3. Different methods of extraction are given in Chapter 4. Qualitative phytochemical screening is presented in Chapter 5. Various methods for separation of phytochemicals, which include paper and thin layer chromatography and column chromatography are given in Chapter 6. Qualitative and quantitative estimation of phytochemicals using gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and high performance thin layer chromatography are described in Chapter 7. The various methods of identification including the physical characteristics and spectroscopy are included in Chapter 8. The ultraviolet spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, near infrared spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and crystallography are included in this chapter. The categories of phytochemicals are given in Chapter 9. A case study of isolation and identification of compounds in the laboratory of the author of this book is included in Chapter 10. Isolation of alkaloids is given in Chapter 11. Extraction and isolation of phenolic compounds is described in Chapter 12. Isolation of anthocyanin compounds is included in Chapter 13. Extraction and analysis of essential oils are described in Chapter 14. The theoretical principles involved in the instruments, handling of samples and interpretation of spectra are given in detail. More than 160 figures (27 in colour) are included to illustrate the various techniques and the structures of compounds. Apart from the references, indexes of common and scientific names of plants and chemical names and subject index are included.

Phytomedicine has become more important and gained constant improvement today for the betterment of health. Herbal medicine plays a significant role in the development of new drugs, contrary to the modern medicinal systems. For more than a decade, there has been a drastic improvement in phytomedicine across the world. This growth has reached a higher level in development by pharmaceutical industries everywhere. People have drifted toward herbal medication and practices for their food and health care. Therefore, in order to create abundant interest in the research of phytosciences, this book is one of the better reference tools. The bioactive compounds in plants need to be explored to know the scientific value and therapeutic properties of the medicinal plants against many diseases. This book contains chapters that are relevant to the advanced research in herbal medicines and will enlighten readers to the importance of medicinal plants as daily sources of nutrition and cures for diseases. This book highlights the unique features of the plants that have not been studied so far for their therapeutic potential. To prove the efficacy of medicinal plants, they have to be studied, examined, and scientifically verified. Hence, this book will better serve the researchers working under different aspects of phytomedicine. Features • The information provided through scientific validation is useful to study the pharmacological activity of herbals and their administration in the modern era. • The readers can find clear understanding in the research and development of phytopharmaceutical drugs. • The ideas incorporated in each chapter reveal the knowledge gained in studying the biological activities of the compounds present in the plant, which are indeed most worthy for the development of drugs. • The harvesting of new ideology toward modern scientific technologies that are employed in the field of pharmacological research.

Natural Products have been important sources of useful drugs from prehistoric times to the present. This book gives an overview about this field and provides important recent contributions to the discovery of new drugs generated by research on natural products. Total synthesis of natural products with interesting biological activities is paving the way for the preparation of new and improved analogs. The methods of combinatorial chemistry permit the selection of the best drug from a large number of candidates. Beyond synthesis and evaluation of organic molecules a number of new bioorganic methods are coming to the fore and will be discucced in this isue of the ERnst schering Research Foundation workshop proceedings.

Computational Phytochemistry, Second Edition, explores how recent advances in computational techniques and methods have been embraced by phytochemical researchers to enhance many of their operations, refocusing and expanding the possibilities of phytochemical studies. By applying computational aids and mathematical models to extraction, isolation, structure determination, and bioactivity testing, researchers can obtain highly detailed information about phytochemicals and optimize working approaches. This book aims to support and encourage researchers currently working with or looking to incorporate computational methods into their phytochemical work. Topics in this book include computational methods for predicting medicinal properties, optimizing extraction, isolating plant secondary metabolites, and building dereplicated phytochemical libraries. The roles of high-throughput screening, spectral data for structural prediction, plant metabolomics, and biosynthesis are all reviewed before the application of computational aids for assessing bioactivities and virtual screening is discussed. Illustrated with detailed figures and supported by practical examples, this book is an indispensable guide for all those involved with the identification, extraction, and application of active agents from natural products. This new edition captures remarkable advancements in mathematical modeling and computational methods that have been incorporated in phytochemical research, addressing, e.g., extraction, isolation, structure determination, and bioactivity testing of phytochemicals. - Includes step-by-step protocols for various computational and mathematical approaches applied to phytochemical research - Features clearly illustrated chapters contributed by highly reputable researchers - Covers all key areas in phytochemical research, including virtual screening and metabolomics

The new edition of this successful reference offers both cutting-edge and classic pharmacological methods. Thoroughly revised and expanded to two volumes, it offers an updated selection of the most frequently used assays for reliably detecting the pharmacological effects of potential drugs. Every chapter has been updated, and numerous assays have been added. Each of the more than 1,000 assays comprises a detailed protocol outlining purpose and rationale, and a critical assessment of the results and their pharmacological and clinical relevance.

Pharmacognosy is a term derived from the Greek words for drug (pharmakon) and knowledge (gnosis). It is a field of study within Chemistry focused on natural products isolated from different sources and their biological activities. Research on natural products began more than a hundred years ago and has continued up to now with a plethora of research groups discovering new ideas and novel active constituents. This book compiles the latest research in the field and will be of interest to scientists, researchers, and students.

The goal of an activity-directed isolation process is to isolate bioactive compounds which may provide structural leads of therapeutic importance. Whereas the traditional process of drug development is long and expensive, simple and rapid bioassays can serve as the starting point for drug discovery. This book presents a range of "bench top" bioassa