This book presents MOSFET-based current mode logic (CML) topologies, which increase the speed, and lower the transistor count, supply voltage and power consumption. The improved topologies modify the conventional PDN, load, and the current source sections of the basic CML gates. Electronic system implementation involves embedding digital and analog circuits on a single die shifting towards mixed-mode circuit design. The high-resolution, low-power and low-voltage analog circuits are combined with high-frequency complex digital circuits, and the conventional static CMOS logic generates large current spikes during the switching (also referred to as digital switching noise), which degrade the resolution of the sensitive analog circuits via supply line and substrate coupling. This problem is exacerbated further with scaling down of CMOS technology due to higher integration levels and operating frequencies. In the literature, several methods are described to reduce the propagation of the digital switching noise. However, in high-resolution applications, these methods are not sufficient. The conventional CMOS static logic is no longer an effective solution, and therefore an alternative with reduced current spikes or that draws a constant supply current must be selected. The current mode logic (CML) topology, with its unique property of requiring constant supply current, is a promising alternative to the conventional CMOS static logic.

Richard A. Brooks, general editor, v.

Tel Socrate, La Fontaine a invité ses lecteurs à participer à son observation de l'humanité et à porter un regard détaché et lucide sur celle-ci.

This book includes high-quality research papers presented at the Fourth International Conference on Communication, Computing and Electronics Systems (ICCCES 2022), held at the PPG Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, India, on September 15–16, 2022. The book focuses mainly on the research trends in cloud computing, mobile computing, artificial intelligence and advanced electronics systems. The topics covered are automation, VLSI, embedded systems, optical communication, RF communication, microwave engineering, artificial intelligence, deep learning, pattern recognition, communication networks, Internet of things, cyber-physical systems and healthcare informatics.

The works of Jean de La Fontaine have invited an extraordinary variety of readings in the three centuries since their composition. By engaging selected fables and tales with contemporary notions of intertextuality, reader reception theory, and grammatology, Figures of the Text raises questions about what “reading La Fontaine” meant in the 17th century, and what it means today. The study integrates a theory of reading and a theory of textual production by drawing attention to those aspects of the text that figure writing and reading, for instance: scenes of reading; other modes of writing (emblems, hieroglyphics); inscriptions and epitaphs; proper names; and citation (proverbs, maxims, allusions); the relation of represented orality to textuality, of textuality to corporeality, and of textuality to the visual arts (ekphrasis); and the archaeology of textual figures, such as labyrinths, textiles, and veils.

Known as Madame de Villedieu, Marie-Catherine Desjardins (ca. 1640-83) was a prolific writer who played an important role in the evolution of the early modern French novel. One of the earliest women to write for a living, she defied cultural convention by becoming an innovator and appealing to popular tastes through fiction, drama, and poetry. Memoirs of the Life of Henriette-Sylvie de Molière, a semi autobiographical novel, portrays an enterprising woman who writes the story of her life, a complex tale that runs counter to social expectations and novelistic conventions. A striking work, the story skillfully mixes real events from the author's life with fictional adventures. At a time when few women published, Villedieu's Memoirs is a significant achievement in creating a voice for the early modern woman writer. Produced while the French novel form was still in its infancy, it should be welcomed by any scholar of women's writing or the early development of the novel.

People are so divided about La Princesse de Clèves' they're ready to devour each other.' So reported Mme de Lafayette, to whom his landmark of French fiction is traditionally attributed, when it first appeared in 1678. Over three centuries the initial divisions have widened into large areas of critical disagreement. Questions of interpretation in La Princesse de Clèves' outlines the main areas of controversy and confronts the radically divergent critical responses that have been made with the witness of the text itself. Without seeking to advance easy solutions, it suggests plausible readings and possible approaches in the light of the evidence provided by language and ideas more uncertain and ambiguous than might at first appear. Offering as it does a wide-ranging review of recent critical opinion and providing the most comprehensive and up-to-date bibliographical tool at present available, this important new work is an invaluable tool for all readers and students of this famous novel.

Examining literary discourses on female friendship and intimacy in seventeenth-century France, this study takes as its premise the view that, unlike men, women have been denied for centuries the possibility of same sex friendship. The author explores the effect of this homosocial and homopriviledged heritage on the deployment and constructions of female friendship and homoerotic relationships as thematic narratives in works by male and female writers in seventeenth-century France. The book consists of three parts: the first surveys the history of male thinkers' denial of female friendship, concluding with a synopsis of the cultural representations of female same-sex practices. The second analyzes female intimacy and homoerotism as imagined, appropriated and finally repudiated by Honoré d'Urfé's pastoral novel, L'Astrée, and Isaac de Benserade's seemingly lesbian-friendly comedy, Iphis et Iante. The third turns to unprecedented depictions of female intimate and homoerotic bonds in Madeleine de Scudéry's novel Mathilde and Charlotte-Rose de Caumont de La Force's fairy tale Plus Belle que Fée. This study reveals a female literary genealogy of intimacies between women in seventeenth-century France, and adds to the research in lesbian and queer studies, fields in which pre-eighteenth-century French literary texts are rare.