Policymakers and program managers are continually seeking ways to improve accountability in achieving an entity's mission. A key factor in improving accountability in achieving an entity's mission is to implement an effective internal control system. An effective internal control system helps an entity adapt to shifting environments, evolving demands, changing risks, and new priorities. As programs change and entities strive to improve operational processes and implement new technology, management continually evaluates its internal control system so that it is effective and updated when necessary. Section 3512 (c) and (d) of Title 31 of the United States Code (commonly known as the Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act (FMFIA)) requires the Comptroller General to issue standards for internal control in the federal government.

This report is in response to a request that we examine the actions and plans agencies reported in addressing the high-risk areas and major management challenges that were previously identified by GAO in its January 2001 Performance and Accountability and High-Risk Series. In fulfilling the request, except as otherwise noted, we reviewed the fiscal year 2001 performance report and fiscal year 2003 performance plan required by the Government Performance and Results Act of 1993 (GPRA) for 23 of the 24 Chief Financial Officers Act (CFO) agencies. The Department of Defense was not included in this review since it had not issued its combined performance report and performance plan.