In this volume a wide range of topics in particle physics, string theory and cosmology and their interconnections is covered.

String theory is a model of fundamental physics whose building blocks are one-dimensional extended objects called strings, rather than the zero-dimensional point particles that form the basis for the standard model of particle physics. The phrase is often used as shorthand for Superstring theory, as well as related theories such as M-theory. By replacing the point-like particles with strings, an apparently consistent quantum theory of gravity emerges. Moreover, it may be possible to 'unify' the known natural forces (gravitational, electromagnetic, weak nuclear and strong nuclear) by describing them with the same set of equations. Studies of string theory have revealed that it predicts higher-dimensional objects called branes. String theory strongly suggests the existence of ten or eleven (in M-theory) space-time dimensions, as opposed to the usual four (three spatial and one temporal) used in relativity theory.

This volume outlines the status of fundamental physics at the threshold of the 21st century. Some of the world's leading theorists and experimentalists discuss ongoing research on the following topics: M Theory, Superstring Theory, Supersymmetry and Supergravity, Quantum Gravity, Dark Matter in the Universe, Gravitational Radiation, Proton Decay, Higgs Physics, Cosmology, Bose-Einstein Condensation.

Low energy neutron beams are used to address many questions in nuclear physics, particle physics and astrophysics. The scientific issues include elucidating the nature of time reversal noninvariance; understanding the origin of the baryon asymmetry in the Universe; describing the weak interaction between quarks and between nucleons; understanding the origin of the elements in stellar and big bang nucleosynthesis.This book summarizes how spallation neutron sources work and discuss the advantages of pulsed beams in reducing systematic errors in precision measurements. It also describes recent breakthroughs in ultracold neutron production, together with the physics that will be addressed by the new generation of intense neutron sources.

Bringing together leading researchers from particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology, Lepton and Baryon Number Violation in Particle Physics, Astrophysics and Cosmology presents reviews of current theoretical ideas, experimental results, and future perspectives in this topical field. The book covers areas related to baryon number (B) and lepton number (L) violation in particle physics, nuclear physics, rare decays, and cosmology. The main topics include B and L violation and grand unified theories; B and L violation in the early universe, cosmology, and astrophysics; Lepton family number violation; and B and L violation and collider physics.

This book contains comprehensive reviews of modern topics in nuclear physics, particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology. Special emphasis is placed on the role of several symmetries in physics at intermediate and high energies and on neutrino physics, with its implications in nuclear astrophysics and cosmology. Many applications of the theories and experiments are included, along with interesting information on recent developments with respect to current problems in modern physics. Thus, it will be especially useful to new scientists and graduate students.

WEIN '98 focussed on searches for physics beyond the Standard Model of elementary particles at low and medium energies, including theoretical studies in these areas. In addition, selected topics in the physics of the Standard Model, searches for new physics at high energy facilities, and topics in nuclear and particle astrophysics were discussed. The conference was mainly composed of plenary talks reviewing the present status of the field. The proceedings include written versions of these plenary talks plus several invited talks given at the parallel sessions covering specific topics that could not be included in the plenary sessions.

This volume contains articles by leading mathematicians and physicists in different directions, such as geometry, probability, variational problems, dynamical systems, mathematical economics, quantum field theory, string theory and cosmology.

Dark matter and dark energy are one of the central mysteries in modern physics, although modern astrophysical and cosmological observations and particle physics experiments can and will provide vital clues in uncovering its true nature. The DARK 2009 Conference brought together World?s leading researchers in both astrophysics and particle physics, providing an opportunity and platform to present their latest results to the community. The topics covered are wide-ranging, from terrestrial underground experiments to space experimental efforts to search for dark matter, and on the theoretical aspects, from the generating of a fifth family as origin of dark matter, extra dimensions and dark matter to non-standard Wigner classes and dark matter. One of the new highlights was certainly a possible connection between a neutrino mass as observed by nuclear double beta decay and the dark energy. Highly important and relevant in its field, the book presents a vital snapshot of the sometimes seemingly disparate areas of dark matter research and offers an exciting overview of current ideas and future directions.