This book is about making machine learning models and their decisions interpretable. After exploring the concepts of interpretability, you will learn about simple, interpretable models such as decision trees, decision rules and linear regression. Later chapters focus on general model-agnostic methods for interpreting black box models like feature importance and accumulated local effects and explaining individual predictions with Shapley values and LIME. All interpretation methods are explained in depth and discussed critically. How do they work under the hood? What are their strengths and weaknesses? How can their outputs be interpreted? This book will enable you to select and correctly apply the interpretation method that is most suitable for your machine learning project.

While partial differential equations (PDEs) are fundamental in mathematics and throughout the sciences, most undergraduate students are only exposed to PDEs through the method of separation of variations. This text is written for undergraduate students from different cohorts with one sole purpose: to facilitate a proficiency in many core concepts in PDEs while enhancing the intuition and appreciation of the subject. For mathematics students this will in turn provide a solid foundation for graduate study. A recurring theme is the role of concentration as captured by Dirac's delta function. This both guides the student into the structure of the solution to the diffusion equation and PDEs involving the Laplacian and invites them to develop a cognizance for the theory of distributions. Both distributions and the Fourier transform are given full treatment. The book is rich with physical motivations and interpretations, and it takes special care to clearly explain all the technical mathematical arguments, often with pre-motivations and post-reflections. Through these arguments the reader will develop a deeper proficiency and understanding of advanced calculus. While the text is comprehensive, the material is divided into short sections, allowing particular issues/topics to be addressed in a concise fashion. Sections which are more fundamental to the text are highlighted, allowing the instructor several alternative learning paths. The author's unique pedagogical style also makes the text ideal for self-learning.

Unit-I 0. Historical Background .... i-iii 1. Field Structure and Ordered Structure of R, Intervals, Bounded and unbounded sets, Supremum and infimum, Completeness in R, Absolute value of a real Number .... 1-33 2. Sequence of Real Numbers, Limit of a Sequence, Bounded and Monotonic Sequences, Cauchy’s General Principle of Convergence, Algebra of Sequence and Some Important Theorems .... 34-80 Unit-II 3. Series of non-negative terms, Convergence of positive term series .... 81-146 4. Alternating Series and Leibrintr’s test, Absolute and conditional convergence of Series of real Terms .... 147-163 5. Uniform Continuity .... 164-185 6. Chain Rule of Differentiability .... 186-202 7. Mean Value Theorems and Their Geometrical Interpretations .... 203-228 Unit-III 8. Limit and continuity of functions of two variables .... 229-256 9. Change of Variables .... 257-280 10. Euler’s Theorem on Homogeneous Functions .... 281-294 11. Taylor’s Theorem For functions of two Variables .... 295-307 12. Jacobians .... 308-337 13. Maxima and Minima of Functions of Two Variables .... 338-354 14. Lagrange’s Multipliers Method .... 355-367 15. Beta and Gamma Functions .... 368-395 Unit-IV 16. Partial Differential Equations of The first order .... 396-415 17. Lagrange’s Solution .... 416-440 18. Some Special types of equations which can be solved easily by methods other than the general method .... 441-462 19. Charpit’s General Method .... 463-474 20. Partial Differential Equation of Second and Higher Order .... 475-485 Unit-V 21. Classification of Partial Differential Equations of Second Order .... 486-494 22. Homogeneous and Non-homogeneous Partial Differential Equations of Constant coefficients .... 495-541 23. Partial Differential Equations Reducible to Equtions with Constant Coefficients .... 542-551

Proceedings of the Society are included in v. 1-59, 1879-1937.

Resources, Values and Development contains many of Amartya Sen's path-breaking contributions to development economics, including papers on resource allocation in nonwage systems, shadow pricing, employment policy, welfare economics, poverty assessment, gender-based inequality, and hunger and famines.

In our rapidly aging society, tendon and ligament injuries pose a tremendous socioeconomic burden with a great impact on mobility and patient quality of life. Understanding tendon/ligament development and maturation, pathogenesis, wound healing, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine approaches will be crucial. In this collection, we aim to showcase tendon and ligament research that spans the gamut of basic science to pre-clinical translation. These topics include but are not limited to tendon/ligament development and maturation, the pathogenesis of tendon and ligament injury, isolation and modification of stem cells and their products for regenerative medicine, identification and delivery of bioactive tenogenic/ligamentogenic molecules, development and characterization of bioactive and/or mechanically robust biomaterials in silico, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo for tissue engineering, as well as the use of novel multidisciplinary methodologies and technologies including systems biology and synthetic biology approaches for studying tendons and ligaments as well as enhancing their repair and regeneration. With this collection, we aim to expose readers to inter- and multi-disciplinary biological and bioengineering techniques and research, which will stimulate broader discussion and advance our understanding to improve tendon/ligament repair and regeneration.

"The last great work of the age of reason, the final instance when all human knowledge could be presented with a single point of view ... Unabashed optimism, and unabashed racism, pervades many entries in the 11th, and provide its defining characteristics ... Despite its occasional ugliness, the reputation of the 11th persists today because of the staggering depth of knowledge contained with its volumes. It is especially strong in its biographical entries. These delve deeply into the history of men and women prominent in their eras who have since been largely forgotten - except by the historians, scholars"-- The Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2012/apr/10/encyclopedia-britannica-11th-edition.

Updated and revised, this second edition applies advanced financial analytics within a strategic framework that recognizes an environment where sustainable competitive advantage is a progressively more difficult task. Real Options offer the link to value and the strategic opportunities that lie in an increasingly dynamic landscape