James Simons, Medallion Hedge Fund and Renaissance Technologies, president testifies about the risks that hedge funds pose in the financial markets, before the House Oversight Committee, and HEARING BEFORE THE SENATE PERMANENT SUBCOMMITTEE ON INVESTIGATIONS by Jonathan Mayers, Counsel on Behalf of Renaissance Technologies LLC... The most successful hedge fund in history describe their business model as a positive expected value game. The model developed by Renaissance for Medallion and Medallion with barrier options makes predictions that are profitable only slightly more often than not. Moreover, the predicted price movements can be easily overwhelmed by external events. To compensate for these factors, the model generates a large number of recommendations, so that by virtue of the mathematical principle known as the law of large numbers, the variability of the returns produced by the model is greatly reduced.

In his first book, the former New York governor and current CNN cohost offers a manifesto on the economy and the public interest. As New York State Attorney General from 1998 to 2006, Eliot Spitzer successfully pursued corporate crime, including stock price inflation, securities fraud, and predatory lending practices. Drawing on those experiences, in this book Spitzer considers when and how the government should intervene in the workings of the market. The 2009 American bank bailout, he argues, was the wrong way: it understandably turned government intervention into a flashpoint for public disgust because it socialized risk, privatized benefit, and left standing institutions too big to fail, incompetent regulators, and deficient corporate governance. That's unfortunate, because good regulatory policy, he claims, can make markets and firms work efficiently, equitably, and in service of fundamental public values. Spitzer lays out the right reasons for government intervention in the market: to guarantee transparency, to overcome market failures, and to guard our core values against the market's unfair biases such as racism. With specific proposals to serve those ends—from improving corporate governance to making firms responsible for their own risky behavior—he offers a much-needed blueprint for the proper role of government in the market. Finally, taking account of regulatory changes since the crash of 2008, he suggests how to rebuild public trust in government so real change is possible. Responses to Spitzer by Sarah Binder, Andrew Gelman, and John Sides, Dean Baker, and Robert Johnson, raise issues of politics, ideology, and policy.