This text reviews the strategies adopted in a range of behaviourist approaches to the setting and realization of standards - identifying the background from which they emerged and ways in which they might be further developed.

Conventional apprenticeships and older methods of professional training are not providing enough skilled workers - governments, companies and colleges are now using open and distance learning to fill these gaps. Published in association with the Commonwealth of Learning, this unique review provides detailed analysis of worldwide experiences of vocational training and distance education. It looks at recent policy and practice at different levels - from transnational programmes and national policies to institutional and programme models. Offering guidance on how distance education and new technologies are being used to support vocational education and training, this book will help senior institutional managers and policy makers to understand and appreciate: * the role distance education can play in increasing skills levels in young people and the existing workforce * the challenges in using educational technologies, and distance education to deliver vocational education and training * how to devise effective policies to meet these challenges.

This text reviews the strategies adopted in a range of behaviourist approaches to the setting and realization of standards - identifying the background from which they emerged and ways in which they might be further developed.

In this volume, the authors treat flexibility as a system characteristic of Vocational Education and Training (VET), in analyzing key conditions for flexibility: -economic context of VET and the organizational and institutional design of VET; -educational tools and resources for the flexibility of delivery and pathways at national level; -VET professionals as promoters of flexibility, mobility, and transferability.

Drawing on case studies, this volume highlights the common problems encountered by educators who must provide vocational training at a distance from their pupils. The contributors discuss the impact of modern technology on education and consider the future role of distance education methods.