Citizen science, the active participation of the public in scientific research projects, is a rapidly expanding field in open science and open innovation. It provides an integrated model of public knowledge production and engagement with science. As a growing worldwide phenomenon, it is invigorated by evolving new technologies that connect people easily and effectively with the scientific community. Catalysed by citizens’ wishes to be actively involved in scientific processes, as a result of recent societal trends, it also offers contributions to the rise in tertiary education. In addition, citizen science provides a valuable tool for citizens to play a more active role in sustainable development. This book identifies and explains the role of citizen science within innovation in science and society, and as a vibrant and productive science-policy interface. The scope of this volume is global, geared towards identifying solutions and lessons to be applied across science, practice and policy. The chapters consider the role of citizen science in the context of the wider agenda of open science and open innovation, and discuss progress towards responsible research and innovation, two of the most critical aspects of science today.

Public choice, an important subdiscipline in the field of political theory, seeks to understand how people and societies make decisions affecting their collective lives. Relying heavily on theoretical models of decision making, public choice postulates that people act in their individual interests in making collective decisions. As it happens, however, reality does not mirror theory, and people often act contrary to what the principal public choice models suggest. In this book, Russell Hardin looks beyond the models to find out why people choose to act together in situations that the models find quite hopeless. He uses three constructs of modern political economy--public goods, the Prisoner's Dilemma, and game theory--to test public choice theories against real world examples of collective action. These include movements important in American society in the past few decades--civil rights, the Vietnam War, women's rights, and environmental concerns. This classic work on public choice will be of interest to theoreticians and graduate students in the fields of public choice, political economy, or political theory--and to those in other disciplines who are concerned with the problem of collective action in social contexts.

Thoroughly revised and reorganized, this 2nd edition offers you meticulous how-to-do-it guidance on performing today’s top radiographically guided regional anesthesia and pain management techniques. Renowned experts explain how to make optimal use of fluoroscopy, MRI, and CT to pinpoint the exact anatomic site for each procedure. Provides fluoroscopic, MR, and CT images coupled with distinct line drawings for each procedure to ensure proper positioning and easy application of techniques. Offers easy-to-follow step-by-step descriptions addressing every aspect of patient positioning, the use of radiographic solutions for tissue-specific enhancement, and correct techniques for anesthesia/analgesia administration so you can be sure your patient will be pain free throughout the procedure. Discusses possible complications to help you avoid mistakes. Includes descriptions of procedures for each image guided technique as well as the approaches available for such imaging so you can choose the correct procedure for every patient. Features two new sections Advanced Techniques and Emerging Techniques, incorporates new procedures into the upper and lower extremity and head and neck chapters, and revises all other chapters substantially to put you on the cusp of the latest advances in the field. Uses nearly 1,600 crisp illustrations, 50% new to this edition, to illuminate every concept. Presents a complete reorganization by body region and focused content to help you get to the information you need quickly.