For more than half a century, Erwin Panofsky's Perspective as Symbolic Form has dominated studies of visual representation. Despite the hegemony of central projection, or perspective, other equally important methods of representation have much to tell us. Parallel projection can be found on classical Greek vases, in Pompeiian frescoes, in Byzantine mosaics; it returned in works of the historical avant-garde, and remains the dominant form of representation in China. In Oblique Drawing, Massimo Scolari investigates "anti-perspective" visual representation over two thousand years, finding in the course of his investigation that visual and conceptual representations are manifestations of the ideological and philosophical orientations of different cultures. Images prove to be not just a form of art but a form of thought, a projection of a way of life. Scolari's generously illustrated studies show that illusionistic perspective is not the only, or even the best, representation of objects in history; parallel projection, for example, preserves in scale the actual measurements of objects it represents, avoiding the distortions of one-point perspective. Scolari analyzes the use of nonperspectival representations in pre-Renaissance images of machines and military hardware, architectural models and drawings, and illustrations of geometrical solids. He challenges Panofsky's theory of Pompeiian perspective and explains the difficulties encountered by the Chinese when they viewed Jesuit missionaries' perspectival religious images. Scolari vividly demonstrates the diversity of representational forms devised through the centuries, and shows how each one reveals something that is lacking in the others.

REA’s Technical Design Graphics Problem Solver Each Problem Solver is an insightful and essential study and solution guide chock-full of clear, concise problem-solving gems. Answers to all of your questions can be found in one convenient source from one of the most trusted names in reference solution guides. More useful, more practical, and more informative, these study aids are the best review books and textbook companions available. They're perfect for undergraduate and graduate studies. This highly useful reference provides thorough coverage of orthographic projection, auxiliary and sectional views, as well as surfaces and solids and their intersections. Also included are developments, fasteners, cams and gears, vector analysis, and dimensioning. Over 1,000 illustrations.For students in engineering, architecture, art fields, and construction.

Written by veterinary technicians for veterinary students and practicing technicians, Lavin’s Radiography for Veterinary Technicians, 5th Edition, combines all the aspects of imaging — including production, positioning, and evaluation of radiographs —into one comprehensive text. Completely updated with all new vivid, color equipment photos, positioning drawings and detailed anatomy drawings, this fifth edition is a valuable resource for students, technicians and veterinarians who need information on the latest technology or unique positioning. Broad coverage of radiologic science, physics, imaging and protection provide you with foundations for good technique. Positioning photos, radiographic images and anatomical drawings presented side-by-side with text explanation for each procedure increases your comprehension and retention. Objectives, key terms, outlines, chapter introductions and key points help you organize information to ensure you understand what is most important in every chapter. NEW! More than 1000 new full-color photos and updated radiographic images visually demonstrate the relationship between anatomy and positioning. NEW! All-new color anatomy art created by an expert medical illustrator help you to recognize and avoid making imaging mistakes. NEW! Non-Manual restraint techniques including sandbags, tape, rope, sponges, sedation and combinations improve your safety and radiation protection. NEW! Chapter on dental radiography aids general veterinarian techs and those specializing in dentistry. NEW! Increased emphasis on digital radiography, including quality factors and post-processing, keeps you up-to-date on the most recent developments in digital technology.

First published in 1939, this is the definitive text on patient positioning for the diagnostic radiography student and practitioner. The experienced author team appreciates that there is no substitute for a good understanding of basic skills in patient positioning and an accurate knowledge of anatomy to ensure good radiographic practice. This 12th edition retains the book’s pre-eminence in the field, with hundreds of positioning photographs and explanatory line diagrams, a clearly defined and easy-to-follow structure, and international applicability. The book presents the essentials of radiographic techniques in a practical way, avoiding unnecessary technical complexity and ensuring that the student and practitioner can find quickly the information that they require regarding particular positions. All the standard positioning is included, accompanied by supplementary positions where relevant and illustrations of pathology where appropriate. Common errors in positioning are also discussed.

In Art and Representation, John Willats presents a radically new theory of pictures. To do this, he has developed a precise vocabulary for describing the representational systems in pictures: the ways in which artists, engineers, photographers, mapmakers, and children represent objects. His approach is derived from recent research in visual perception and artificial intelligence, and Willats begins by clarifying the key distinction between the marks in a picture and the features of the scene that these marks represent. The methods he uses are thus closer to those of a modern structural linguist or psycholinguist than to those of an art historian. Using over 150 illustrations, Willats analyzes the representational systems in pictures by artists from a wide variety of periods and cultures. He then relates these systems to the mental processes of picture production, and, displaying an impressive grasp of more than one scholarly discipline, shows how the Greek vase painters, Chinese painters, Giotto, icon painters, Picasso, Paul Klee, and David Hockney have put these systems to work. But this book is not only about what systems artists use but also about why artists from different periods and cultures have used such different systems, and why drawings by young children look so different from those by adults. Willats argues that the representational systems can serve many different functions beyond that of merely providing a convincing illusion. These include the use of anomalous pictorial devices such as inverted perspective, which may be used for expressive reasons or to distance the viewer from the depicted scene by drawing attention to the picture as a painted surface. Willats concludes that art historical changes, and the developmental changes in children's drawings, are not merely arbitrary, nor are they driven by evolutionary forces. Rather, they are determined by the different functions that the representational systems in pictures can serve. Like readers of Ernst Gombrich's famous Art and Illusion (still available from Princeton University Press), on which Art and Representation makes important theoretical advances, or Rudolf Arnheim's Art and Visual Perception, Willats's readers will find that they will never again return to their old ways of looking at pictures.

This book provides in-depth coverage of all aspects of pelvic ring fractures and their management. The opening chapters supply essential information on surgical anatomy, biomechanics, classification, clinical evaluation, radiological diagnostics, and emergency and acute management. The various operative techniques, including navigation techniques, that have been established and standardized over the past two decades are then presented in a step-by-step approach. Readers will find guidance on surgical indications, choice of approaches, reduction and fixation strategies, complication management, and optimization of long-term results. Specific treatment concepts are described for age-specific fractures, including pediatric and geriatric injuries, and secondary reconstructions. Pelvic ring fractures represent challenging injuries, especially when they present with concomitant hemodynamic instability. This book will help trauma and orthopaedic surgeons at all levels of experience to achieve the primary treatment aim of anatomic restoration of the bony pelvis to preserve biomechanical stability and avoid malunion with resulting clinical impairments.

Long considered a leading text in the field, Brant & Helm’s Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology, 6th Edition, provides essential coverage for radiology residents, interns, students, and practitioners. Drs. Jeffrey S. Klein and Vincent Mellnick lead a team of expert section editors who cover all subspecialty areas including neuroradiology, chest, breast, abdominal, musculoskeletal imaging, ultrasound, pediatric imaging, interventional techniques, and nuclear radiology. Full-color images, updated content, self-assessment tools, and online resources make this text ideal for reference and review.

This volume presents detailed information on surgically relevant anatomy and histology of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), biomechanics, diagnostics, and ACL reconstruction. In light of the growing body of evidence demonstrating the advantages of anatomic ACL reconstruction over traditional methods, there are also discussions of single anteromedial bundle reconstruction and anatomic ACL reconstruction with abundant descriptions of experimental and clinical studies. In addition, particular attention is given not only to techniques such as ACL augmentation, bone-patella tendon-bone reconstruction and computer-assisted navigation, but it also presents expert analysis of revision of ACL reconstruction, complications, and the future perspectives of ACL reconstruction. Edited by authoritative orthopedic surgeon from the Japanese Orthopaedic Society of Knee, Arthroscopy and Sports Medicine (JOSKAS), this book provides up-to-date information for orthopedic surgeons and physical therapists specializing in the ACL. The research evidence will broaden readers’ understanding and enable them to optimize outcomes for patients. As ACL rupture is a common injury especially for high-level athletes, it will also attract sports trainers and team physicians who are interested in a recent update on this field.

With roots in Spanish baroque style, the pieces illustrated in this book played an important role in church, community, and family.