Environmental Factors in Neurodevelopmental and Neurodegenerative Disorders presents a state-of-the-art review of the effects of environmental contaminants on the development and degeneration of the human nervous system, brought together by world-leading experts in the field. Part One describes the adverse effects that the environment can have on neurological development, and how these effects may exhibit. Specific contaminants and their possible consequences of exposure are addressed (lead, methylmercury, alcohol), as well as specific disorders and the environmental factors associated with them, such as the effect of diet on attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders. Part Two tackles neurodegenerative disorders, specifically addressing their potential neurotoxic origins, and discussing the increasing interest in the effects that early exposure may have in later life. Environmental Factors in Neurodevelopmental and Neurodegenerative Disorders is an invaluable reference for those professionals working in the fields of toxicology, environmental health and neuroscience. - Provides, for the first time, the cutting-edge theory of environmental impacts on both neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders - Written by an international selection of the world's foremost experts in the field of neurotoxicology - Full-colour throughout, providing accurate and illustrative examples of neurotoxic effects in action - An invaluable reference for those professionals working in the fields of toxicology, environmental health, and neuroscience

The editor of this volume, having research interests in the field of ROS production and the damage to cellular systems, has identified a number of enzymes showing ·OH scavenging activities details of which are anticipated to be published in the near future as confirmatory experiments are awaited. It is hoped that the information presented in this book on NDs will stimulate both expert and novice researchers in the field with excellent overviews of the current status of research and pointers to future research goals. Clinicians, nurses as well as families and caregivers should also benefit from the material presented in handling and treating their specialised cases. Also the insights gained should be valuable for further understanding of the diseases at molecular levels and should lead to development of new biomarkers, novel diagnostic tools and more effective therapeutic drugs to treat the clinical problems raised by these devastating diseases.

Obesity is a global pandemic rising beyond the status of a lifestyle disorder, and its consequences include impaired metabolism, energy disruption, and abdominal fat deposition and storage. Body Recomposition: A Comprehensive and Metabolic Alternative to Weight Loss presents information on body recomposition, which emphasizes the approach of losing fat while gaining muscle. It contains vast research on topics including factors that influence fat accumulation, strategies for weight management, healthy diet and eating patterns, physical exercise, and lifestyle strategies in healthy weight management. Features: Influence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) on stored fat accumulation and its treatment Harnessing the gut microbial arm in combating obesity Roles of leptin, ghrelin, NPY, cortisol, and diverse neurotransmitters in appetite suppression and regulation Genetic predisposition and genetic addiction obesity risk assessment and therapies Gut–brain axis role in metabolism and body recomposition Efficacy of phytochemicals in weight management and roles of drugs and natural supplements in weight management Importance of physical exercise and manageable lifestyle factors Existing commercial weight loss strategies can fail to achieve and maintain sustainable weight loss or enhance greater healthy fat loss. This book provides an improved alternative for dietitians/nutritionists, health practitioners, and clinicians, as well as food and nutrition scientists.

This landmark publication provides the first definitive account of how and why subtle influences on the fetus and during early life can have such profound consequences for adult health and diseases. Although the epidemiological evidence for this link has long proved compelling, it is only much more recently that the scientific and physiological basis has begun to be studied in depth and fully understood. The compilation, written by many of the world's leading experts in this exciting field, summarizes these scientific and clinical advances.

The failure of insulin signaling – a condition known as insulin resistance – is a key pathological feature of both type 2 diabetes (T2DM, systemic insulin resistance) and Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRDs, brain insulin resistance) and greatly contribute to their development. Considerable overlap has been identified in the risk factors, comorbidities and putative pathophysiological mechanisms of ADRDs and T2DM, thus proposing AD as type 3 diabetes.

This compendium provides a wide view covering everything from molecular mechanisms and risk factors for neurological disorders to the effects of bariatric surgery on brain function and functional neuroimaging applied to obesity research. The impact of obesity on brain function and the development of neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disorders has been understudied, despite the recent proliferation of obesity research. Among the topics covered are adipose biology, the adipose tissue - gut - brain axis, brain energy metabolism, dementia, cerebrovascular disease, and multiple sclerosis.

This book examines the toxicological and health implications of environmental epigenetics and provides knowledge through an interdisciplinary approach. Included in this volume are chapters outlining various environmental risk factors such as phthalates and dietary components, life states such as pregnancy and ageing, hormonal and metabolic considerations and specific disease risks such as cancer cardiovascular diseases and other non-communicable diseases. Environmental Epigenetics imparts integrative knowledge of the science of epigenetics and the issues raised in environmental epidemiology. This book is intended to serve both as a reference compendium on environmental epigenetics for scientists in academia, industry and laboratories and as a textbook for graduate level environmental health courses. Environmental Epigenetics imparts integrative knowledge of the science of epigenetics and the issues raised in environmental epidemiology. This book is intended to serve both as a reference compendium on environmental epigenetics for scientists in academia, industry and laboratories and as a textbook for graduate level environmental health courses.

For most Americans, staying "mentally sharp" as they age is a very high priority. Declines in memory and decision-making abilities may trigger fears of Alzheimer's disease or other neurodegenerative diseases. However, cognitive aging is a natural process that can have both positive and negative effects on cognitive function in older adults - effects that vary widely among individuals. At this point in time, when the older population is rapidly growing in the United States and across the globe, it is important to examine what is known about cognitive aging and to identify and promote actions that individuals, organizations, communities, and society can take to help older adults maintain and improve their cognitive health. Cognitive Aging assesses the public health dimensions of cognitive aging with an emphasis on definitions and terminology, epidemiology and surveillance, prevention and intervention, education of health professionals, and public awareness and education. This report makes specific recommendations for individuals to reduce the risks of cognitive decline with aging. Aging is inevitable, but there are actions that can be taken by individuals, families, communities, and society that may help to prevent or ameliorate the impact of aging on the brain, understand more about its impact, and help older adults live more fully and independent lives. Cognitive aging is not just an individual or a family or a health care system challenge. It is an issue that affects the fabric of society and requires actions by many and varied stakeholders. Cognitive Aging offers clear steps that individuals, families, communities, health care providers and systems, financial organizations, community groups, public health agencies, and others can take to promote cognitive health and to help older adults live fuller and more independent lives. Ultimately, this report calls for a societal commitment to cognitive aging as a public health issue that requires prompt action across many sectors.

Neurodevelopmental disorders are generally influenced by genetic as well as intrauterine and extrauterine factors that affect the fetal-maternal environment and/or brain development that continues after birth. Specific genetic polymorphisms may increase susceptibility to environmental factors that alter the trajectory of brain development via diverse molecular mechanisms. In particular, the pre- and post-natal exposure to neurotoxic metals, pesticides, persistent organic pollutants, and other chemicals is increasingly recognized as involved in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism, deficiency attention/hyperactivity disorders, neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, chronic multiple sclerosis, and even fetal and infant death, including SIUDS (Sudden Unexplained Intrauterine Death Syndrome) and SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome).