Uranium is an element to be found ubiquitous in rock, soil, and water. Uranium concentrations in natural ground water can be more than several hundreds μg/l without impact from mining, nuclear industry, and fertilizers. Considering the WHO recommendation for drinking water of 15 μg/l (has been as low as 2 μg/l before) due to the chemical toxicity of uranium the element uranium has become an important issue in environmental research. Besides natural enrichment of uranium in aquifers uranium mining and milling activities, further uranium processing to nuclear fuel, emissions form burning coal and oil, and the application of uranium containing phosphate fertilizers may enrich the natural uranium concentrations in soil and water by far. In October 1995 the first international conference on Uranium Mining and Hydrogeology (UMH I) was held in Freiberg being organized by the Department of Geology at the Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg by the support of the Saxon State Ministry of Geology and Environment. Due to the large scientific interest in the topic of uranium a second conference (UMH II) took place in Freiberg in September 1998. Furthermore, in September 2002 scientists working on the topic of uranium mining and hydrogeology attended the third conference (UMH III) which was jointly held together with the International Mine Water - sociation (IMWA) Symposium 2002. The reviewed papers and posters of the 2002 conference have been published by Springer entitled Uranium in the aquatic en- ronment (edited by Merkel, Planer-Friedrich and Wolkersdorfer).

This book accompanies you on a journey that starts with the basics of mine water treatment and takes you further through correct sampling for planning to active and passive systems. In the respective chapters you will learn the most important techniques about the parameters to be measured (e.g. on-site parameters, flow rate), which methods are available to actively treat your mine water (e.g. high density sludge method, reverse osmosis, ion exchange) and which ones to perform passive treatment (e.g. constructed wetlands, vertical flow reactor, limestone channel). You will also get an insight into the use of mine water. Don’t expect a cookbook – rather, it’s an ingredients and utensils list to help you find the right recipe. For extended help on this, check out the more than 1000 references on all the techniques presented. I wrote this book for hydrogeologists, engineers, graduate students, government officials, miners, geoecologists, chemical engineers – in the broadest sense: you. This book is a translation of an original German edition. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision and a thorough copy editing and update by the author ensured that the contents are correctly represented.