The colorful history of paper money before the Civil War Before Civil War greenbacks and a national bank network established a uniform federal currency in the United States, the proliferation of loosely regulated banks saturated the early American republic with upwards of 10,000 unique and legal bank notes. This number does not even include the plethora of counterfeit bills and the countless shinplasters of questionable legality issued by unregulated merchants, firms, and municipalities. Adding to the chaos was the idiosyncratic method for negotiating their value, an often manipulative face-to-face discussion consciously separated from any haggling over the price of the work, goods, or services for sale. In Bank Notes and Shinplasters, Joshua R. Greenberg shows how ordinary Americans accumulated and wielded the financial knowledge required to navigate interpersonal bank note transactions. Locating evidence of Americans grappling with their money in fiction, correspondence, newspapers, printed ephemera, government documents, legal cases, and even on the money itself, Greenberg argues Americans, by necessity, developed the ability to analyze the value of paper financial instruments, assess the strength of banking institutions, and even track legislative changes that might alter the rules of currency circulation. In his examination of the doodles, calculations, political screeds, and commercial stamps that ended up on bank bills, he connects the material culture of cash to financial, political, and intellectual history. The book demonstrates that the shift from state-regulated banks and private shinplaster producers to federally authorized paper money in the Civil War era led to the erasure of the skill, knowledge, and lived experience with banking that informed debates over economic policy. The end result, Greenberg writes, has been a diminished public understanding of how currency and the financial sector operate in our contemporary era, from the 2008 recession to the rise of Bitcoin.

This unique and innovative book is more than a price and identification guide to Michigan's early banking system; it demonstrates the state's evolution from pioneer settlements for prosperous communities. &break;&break;This one-of-a-kind is filled with more than 2,200 rarely seen images from the foremost Michigan bank note collection. In addition, this reference gives collectors: &break;&break;Detailed listings organized alphabetically by name of the issuing institution, for easier identification and thorough regional research &break;&break;Additional historical information about early banking processes in Michigan, development of the state, and detailed guidelines for accurately identifying Michigan's obsolete and national bank notes &break;&break;Thoroughly researched value estimates for each listing

There is only one guide that gives you complete details, photographs and current values of U.S. currency, and this is that book! Packed with 750 color photos of notes and more than 10,000 listings for U.S. paper money issued between 1812 and the present, no other book can compare to the comprehensiveness of this guide. Among the notes represented in this book are: • Large and small currency • Silver and gold certificates • National bank notes by state • Pre-Civil War Treasury notes • Fractional currency and military payment certificates • Encased postage stamps Put the 30th edition of this popular paper money book to use for you. You and your collection will be better for it.

In 1791, The First Bank of the United States was a financial innovation proposed and supported by Alexander Hamilton, the first Secretary of the Treasury. Establishment of the bank was part of a three-part expansion of federal fiscal and monetary power, along with a federal mint and excise taxes. Hamilton believed that a national bank was necessary to stabilize and improve the nation's credit, and to improve financial order, clarity, and precedence of the United States government under the newly enacted Constitution. Alexander Hamilton (1755-1804) was a founding father of the United States, one of the most influential interpreters and promoters of the Constitution, the founder of the American financial system, and the founder of the Federalist Party. As the first Secretary of the Treasury, Hamilton was the primary author of the economic policies for George Washington’s administration. Hamilton took the lead in the funding of the states’ debts by the federal government, the establishment of a national bank, and forming friendly trade relations with Britain. He led the Federalist Party, created largely in support of his views; he was opposed by the Democratic Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, which despised Britain and feared that Hamilton’s policies of a strong central government would weaken the American commitment to Republicanism.

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