Explore the state of the art in multiferroic materials with this cutting-edge resource Nanostructured Multiferroics delivers an overview of recent research developments in the area of nanostructured multiferroics, along with their preparation, characterization, and applications. Covering single-phase and composite multiferroics, nanomultiferroics, and multiferroic composites, the book explains their physical properties, the underlying physical principles, and the technology and application aspects of the materials, including energy harvesting and spintronics. With multiferroics undergoing a renaissance of renewed interest and development in the past few years, and with promising new breakthroughs in areas like superconductivity, spintronics, and quantum computing, Nanostructured Multiferroics offers both experienced scientists and young researchers inspirational and informative resources likely to spark ideas for further research. Along with chapters discussing topics such as the specific heat and magnetocaloric properties of manganite-based multiferroics for cryo-cooling applications and the multiferroic properties of barium-doped BiFeO3 particles, further topics are: * A comprehensive discussion about the physical properties of multiferroic nanocomposites * An exploration of the basic theory underpinning a variety of multiferroic interactions * An in-depth analysis of the engineering functionality in nanomultiferroics * An introduction to nanostructured multiferroics accompanied by discussions of their synthesis, characterization, and common applications * A treatment of multiferroic materials, as well as single-phase and composite multiferroics * An examination of the use of nanostructured multiferroics in the field of spintronics Perfect for materials scientists, Nanostructured Multiferroics will also earn a place in the libraries of solid-state physicists and chemists who seek to improve their understanding of the fundamentals of, and recent advances made in, multiferroics. The information contained within will inform anyone working in areas involving superconductivity, quantum computing, and spintronics.

Advances in Nanostructures: Processing and Methodology to Grow Nanostructures provides readers with the most appropriate nanostructuring methods used for obtaining nanoparticles with specific requirements suitable for different applications, taking into consideration characteristics such as dimension and shape. The different methods used to synthesize nanomaterials are thoroughly discussed, along nanomaterials' properties and characterization techniques reviewed. Chapters on advanced nanostructures' applications provide in-depth knowledge on applications of these nanostructures in interdisciplinary fields, such as energy, environment, and healthcare areas. - Discusses various physical and chemical methods of preparing nanomaterials - Presents some of the most important techniques for the characterization of nanostructures and nanoparticles - Features applications of nanostructures in the fields of energy, environment, and healthcare

This two volume set reviews the key issues in processing and characterization of nanoscale ferroelectrics and multiferroics, and provides a comprehensive description of their properties, with an emphasis in differentiating size effects of extrinsic ones like boundary or interface effects. Recently described nanoscale novel phenomena are also addressed. Organized into three parts it addresses key issues in processing (nanostructuring), characterization (of the nanostructured materials) and nanoscale effects. Taking full advantage of the synergies between nanoscale ferroelectrics and multiferroics, the text covers materials nanostructured at all levels, from ceramic technologies like ferroelectric nanopowders, bulk nanostructured ceramics and thick films, and magnetoelectric nanocomposites, to thin films, either polycrystalline layer heterostructures or epitaxial systems, and to nanoscale free standing objects with specific geometries, such as nanowires and tubes at different levels of development. This set is developed from the high level European scientific knowledge platform built within the COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) Action on Single and multiphase ferroics and multiferroics with restricted geometries (SIMUFER, ref. MP0904). Chapter contributors have been carefully selected, and have all made major contributions to knowledge of the respective topics, and overall, they are among most respected scientists in the field.

This book covers the physical properties of nanosized ferroics, also called nanoferroics. Nanoferroics are an important class of ceramic materials that substitute conventional ceramic ferroics in modern electronic devices. They include ferroelectric, ferroelastic, magnetic and multiferroic nanostructured materials. The phase transitions and properties of these nanostructured ferroics are strongly affected by the geometric confinement originating from surfaces and interfaces. As a consequence, these materials exhibit a behavior different from the corresponding bulk crystalline, ceramic and powder ferroics. This monograph offers comprehensive coverage of size- and shape-dependent effects at the nanoscale; the specific properties that these materials have been shown to exhibit; the theoretical approaches that have been successful in describing the size-dependent effects observed experimentally; and the technological aspects of many chemical and physico-chemical nanofabrication methods relevant to making nanoferroic materials and composites. The book will be of interest to an audience of condensed matter physicists, material scientists and engineers, working on ferroic nanostructured materials, their fundamentals, fabrication and device applications.

Magnetic, Ferroelectric, and Multiferroic Metal Oxides covers the fundamental and theoretical aspects of ferroics and magnetoelectrics, their properties, and important technological applications, serving as the most comprehensive, up-to-date reference on the subject. Organized in four parts, Dr. Biljana Stojanovic leads expert contributors in providing the context to understand the material (Part I: Introduction), the theoretical and practical aspects of ferroelectrics (Part II: Ferroelectrics: From Theory, Structure and Preparation to Application), magnetic metal oxides (Part III: Magnetic Oxides: Ferromagnetics, Antiferromagnetics and Ferrimagnetics), multiferroics (Part IV: Multiferroic Metal Oxides) and future directions in research and application (Part V: Future of Metal Oxide Ferroics and Multiferroics). As ferroelectric materials are used to make capacitors with high dielectric constant, transducers, and actuators, and in sensors, reed heads, and memories based on giant magnetoresistive effects, this book will provide an ideal source for the most updated information. - Addresses ferroelectrics, ferromagnetics and multiferroelectrics, providing a one-stop reference for researchers - Provides fundamental theory and relevant, important technological applications - Highlights their use in capacitors with high dielectric constant, transducers, and actuators, and in sensors, reed heads, and memories based on giant magnetoresistive effects

Nanostructured Hexagonal Ferrites: Novel Characteristics and Multifunctional Applications presents the latest advances in hexaferrite nanostructures, which offer reliability, stability, and efficiency in a range of advanced applications. The book begins by introducing the structure, characteristics, fabrication, processing, characterization methods, and composites of hexagonal ferrites in detail. Solid-state chemistry and magnetic, magnetoelectric, multiferroic, and dielectric properties are examined. Subsequent chapters then provide in-depth coverage of the preparation of nanohexaferrites with specific properties for target applications, in areas such as magnetic energy storage, high-frequency devices, microwave devices, stealth technologies, gyromagnetic devices, and wastewater remediation. This is a valuable resource for researchers and advanced students across nanotechnology, polymer science, composite science, chemistry, and materials science and engineering, as well as industrial scientists, engineers, and R&D professionals with an interest in hexaferrites and advanced nanostructures for advanced applications. - Introduces fabrication, characterization, processing, and preparation methods for hexagonal ferrites - Analyzes structure and properties of nanohexaferrites and their suitability in a range of applications - Opens the door to novel utilizations across electronic devices, energy storage, and wastewater remediation

Complex metal oxides exhibit remarkable tunability in their ferromagnetic, ferroelectric, and multiferroic properties that enable future applications such as non-volatile memory, miniaturized antenna, sensors and actuators. Motivated by the promise of high magnetoelectric coupling from nanostructured multiferroics, atomic layer deposition (ALD) processes were developed to synthesize single-phase ferroics that would be further integrated to form composite multiferroics. The highly conformal ALD coatings promised intimate interfaces of the various ferroic phases to realize tunable magnetoelectric coupling. In this work, a radical enhanced ALD process was used to synthesize the complex oxide nanostructures, using metalorganic precursors Y(tmhd)3 (tmhd = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5 dione), Mn(tmhd)3, Bi(tmhd)3, Co(tmhd)2, and Fe(tmhd)3 as well as oxygen atoms produced from a microwave powered atomic beam source. The processing-structure-property relations were systematically studied for three material systems: YMnO3 (YMO), BiFeO3 (BFO), and CoFe2O4 (CFO). For YMO, it was found that the crystal structure forming between orthorhombic or hexagonal configurations was due to the substrate and that Si(111) and Y:ZrO2 (111) substrates preferentially formed the orthorhombic and hexagonal phases respectively. The magnetic susceptibility versus temperature of YMO was characterized and it was determined that the magnetic anomalies at ~48 K and ~80 K corresponded to orthorhombic and hexagonal phases respectively which matched the reports given from literature. The ALD BFO films were grown on SrTiO3 (STO) (001) substrates and were found to crystallize epitaxially in the (001) pseudocubic orientation when annealed at 650 C. The ferroelectric properties were confirmed via PFM while the weak ferromagnetic coupling showed a magnetic saturation (Ms) of approximately 27 emu/cm3. The ALD CFO films were grown on STO (001) substrates and were mostly polycrystalline with a textured (001) orientation. The magnetic properties were studied and the Ms ranged from 260 to 550 emu/cm3 and the magnetic coercivity (Hc) ranged from 200 to 2180 Oe depending on the direction of the magnetic field, annealing condition, and thickness which matched values of those found in bulk and other thin film studies. Synthesis of multiferroic composites with nanostructure was enabled by ALD. 2-2 multiferroic composite configurations using BiFeO3 and CoFe2O4 were synthesized by ALD and it was determined that for 40 nm thick films, a change in the easy axis of magnetization could be controlled by changing the size and number of repeating BFO/CFO bilayers. 0-3 multiferroic composite configurations using both BFO/CFO and CFO/PZT were synthesized by a hybrid approach first using evaporation induced self-assembly to deposit a porous metal oxide thin film followed by the ALD film. It was confirmed by SEM that the ALD coating was conformal and the magnetic properties were studied. The CFO template film with ALD BFO was found to have an Ms of 151.1 emu/cm3 out-of-plane and 89.4 emu/cm3 in-plane while Hc was about 2.0 kOe for both orientations. For the PZT template film with CFO overlayer, it was found that the Ms began to saturate at about 40-45 emu/cm3 once the CFO thickness exceeded 4 nm due to the restricted pore necks. These volumetric values exceeded thin films found in literature with 0-3 configurations that were synthesized using wet techniques.

Multiferroics, materials with a coexistence of magnetic and ferroelectric order, provide an efficient route for the control of magnetism by electric fields. The authors cover multiferroic thin-film heterostructures, device architectures and domain/interface effects. They critically discuss achievements as well as limitations and assess opportunities for future applications.

This two volume set reviews the key issues in processing and characterization of nanoscale ferroelectrics and multiferroics, and provides a comprehensive description of their properties, with an emphasis in differentiating size effects of extrinsic ones like boundary or interface effects. Recently described nanoscale novel phenomena are also addressed. Organized into three parts it addresses key issues in processing (nanostructuring), characterization (of the nanostructured materials) and nanoscale effects. Taking full advantage of the synergies between nanoscale ferroelectrics and multiferroics, the text covers materials nanostructured at all levels, from ceramic technologies like ferroelectric nanopowders, bulk nanostructured ceramics and thick films, and magnetoelectric nanocomposites, to thin films, either polycrystalline layer heterostructures or epitaxial systems, and to nanoscale free standing objects with specific geometries, such as nanowires and tubes at different levels of development. This set is developed from the high level European scientific knowledge platform built within the COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) Action on Single and multiphase ferroics and multiferroics with restricted geometries (SIMUFER, ref. MP0904). Chapter contributors have been carefully selected, and have all made major contributions to knowledge of the respective topics, and overall, they are among most respected scientists in the field.

This dissertation, "On Strain-mediated Magnetoelectric Effects in Multiferroic Composite Nanostructures" by Haitao, Chen, 陈海涛, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Multiferroics which combine two or more order parameters of ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism and ferroelasticity, have drawn great interests in the past few years due to their promising potential of application in sensors, transducers, spintronics and multistate memories. Coupling between the ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism renders the induction of an electric polarization P upon applying a magnetic field, or the induction of a magnetization M upon applying an electric field which is called magnetoelectric coupling effect. There are single phase multiferroics which simultaneously possess ferroelectricity and magnetism in nature. However, these natural multiferroics only exhibit weak magnetoelectric coupling effect at very low temperature which hinders the practical applications. An alternative and more promising choice is to fabricate multiferroic composites. In the multiferroic composite systems, large magnetoelectric coupling effects can be produced indirectly from the strain-mediated interaction even at room temperature and great design flexibility can be obtained. In the present study, two types of multiferroic composite nanostructures are investigated: the vertical heteroepitaxial multiferroic thin films and film-on-substrate heterogeneous bilayers with incorporation of various influences, such as film thickness, misfit strains and flexoelectricity. Since the first fabrication of vertical epitaxial multiferroic nanostructures, great scientific interests have been attracted for the potential large magnetoelectric effects arising from the relaxed substrate constraint and large interfacial area between the ferroelectric and ferromagnetic phases. A three dimensional phase field model is devised to precisely describe the complex strain state of this nanostructure. The simulation results demonstrate that both film thickness and misfit strains are important in determining the magnitude of magnetoelectric effect. Due to the strong strain-mediated magnetoelectric coupling effect in film-on-substrate system with a ferromagnetic thin film directly growing on a thick ferroelectric substrate, precision electric control of local ferromagnetism, i.e. ferromagnetic domain pattern and domain wall properties, are achievable. The results show that the domain pattern of the ferroelectric substrate can be fully transferred onto the as-deposited ferromagnetic thin film. High stability of the magnetic domain is observed when the system is subjected to an external magnetic field. Under an applied electric field, the transferred domain pattern in magnetic film can be either maintained or erased depending on the direction of applied electric field. Moreover, when a pulse of in-plane electric field is applied, the magnetic domain wall motion can be observed in concurrence with the ferroelectric domain wall motion. With the decrease of material size, some effects that can be neglected in bulk materials may play an important role on the overall properties of material, such as flexoelectric effects which describe the induction of polarization from strain gradient. A two dimensional phase field model is adopted to study the influence of flexoelectric effects on the epitaxial ferroelectric films. A thermodynamic phenomenological model is then utilized to analyze the influence of flexoelectric effects on magnetic field induced electric polarization in the multiferroic nanocomposite b