Nanomaterials have supported humankind’s advancement, becoming one of the most important industry sectors, and are expected to rise to the top by 2030. However, significant challenges must be overcome, such as the performance and efficiency of the material under different environmental conditions. This book seeks to promote a critical view on using nanomaterials under extreme conditions found in our body, planet, and outer space. Therefore, nanomaterials are covered from multiple points of view, allowing the reader to get an enriching presentation of current knowledge on nanomaterials, limitations, advancements, and applications under extreme conditions.

This book focuses on the behaviour of nanomaterials under extreme conditions of high temperature, irradiation by electron/ions and neutrons as well as in mechanical and corrosion extremes. The theoretical approaches and modeling are presented with numerous results of experimental studies. Different processing methods of extreme-tolerant nanomaterials are described. Many application examples from high-temperature technique, nuclear reactors of new generations, aerospace industry, chemical and general engineering, sensor facility, power engineering, electronics, catalysis and medical preparations are also contained. Some unresolved problems are emphasized.

Materials Under Extreme Conditions: Recent Trends and Future Prospects analyzes the chemical transformation and decomposition of materials exposed to extreme conditions, such as high temperature, high pressure, hostile chemical environments, high radiation fields, high vacuum, high magnetic and electric fields, wear and abrasion related to chemical bonding, special crystallographic features, and microstructures. The materials covered in this work encompass oxides, non-oxides, alloys and intermetallics, glasses, and carbon-based materials. The book is written for researchers in academia and industry, and technologists in chemical engineering, materials chemistry, chemistry, and condensed matter physics. - Describes and analyzes the chemical transformation and decomposition of a wide range of materials exposed to extreme conditions - Brings together information currently scattered across the Internet or incoherently dispersed amongst journals and proceedings - Presents chapters on phenomena, materials synthesis, and processing, characterization and properties, and applications - Written by established researchers in the field

Nanomaterials in Plants, Algae and Microorganisms: Concepts and Controversies: Volume 2 not only covers all the new technologies used in the synthesis of nanoparticles, it also tests their response on plants, algae and micro-organisms in aquatic ecosystems. Unlike most works in the field, the book doesn't focus exclusively on the higher organisms. Instead, it explores the smaller life forms on which they feed. Topics include the impacts of plant development, how different nanoparticles are absorbed by biota, the impact different metals—including silver and rare earth metals—have on living organisms, and the effects nanoparticles have on aquatic ecosystems as a whole. As nanotechnology based products have become a trillion-dollar industry, there is a need to understand the implications to the health of our biota and ecosystems as the earth is increasingly inundated with these materials. - Covers the issues of nanoparticles on more simple organisms and their ecosystems - Draws upon global experts to help increase understanding of the interface mechanisms at the physiological, biochemical, molecular, and even genomic and proteomic level between ENPs and biological systems - Provides a critical assessment of the progress taking place on this topic - Sheds light on future research needs and scientific challenges that still exist in nanoparticle and living organism interactions

Handbook of Nanomaterials in Analytical Chemistry: Modern Trends in Analysis explores the recent advancements in a variety of analytical chemistry techniques due to nanotechnology. It also devotes several chapters to the analytical techniques that have proven useful for the analysis of nanomaterials. As conventional analytical chemistry methods become insufficient in terms of accuracy, selectivity, sensitivity, reproducibility, and speed, recent advances have opened up new horizons for chemical analysis and detection methods. Chapters are authored by experts in their respective fields and include up-to-date reference materials, such as websites of interest and suggested reading lists on the latest research. - Summarizes recent progress in micro-fabrication using nanomaterials for analytical chemistry techniques—among the most modernized and fast ways of performing these tasks - Pays special attention to greener approaches that reduce the environmental impact and cost of the analysis process, both in terms of chemicals used and time and resource consumption - Discusses many types of nanomaterials for analytical chemistry techniques, including those that are well established, such as carbon nanomaterials, as well as those that are newly trending, such as functionalized nanomaterials

Nanomaterials are becoming ubiquitous; microbes similarly are everywhere. This book focuses on various ways the diverse nanomaterials interact with microbial communities and implications of such interactions. Both toxicity and beneficial effects of nanomaterial-microbe interactions have been covered. This includes areas such as fate and bioavailability of nanomaterials in environments, microbial synthesis of nanomaterials and antimicrobial action of nanomaterials. Fairly comprehensive but with narrow focus, the book provides useful insights into these interactions which need to be factored in while designing nanoscience based new technologies.

First Self-Contained Source Entirely Dedicated to Nanocarbons Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) attract a good deal of attention for their electronic, mechanical, optical, and chemical characteristics. But nanostructured carbons are not limited to nanotubes and fullerenes-they also exist as nano-diamonds, fibers, cones, scrolls, whiskers, and grap

Even before it was identified as a science and given a name, nanotechnology was the province of the most innovative inventors. In medieval times, craftsmen, ingeniously employing nanometer-sized gold particles, created the enchanting red hues found in the gold ruby glass of cathedral windows. Today, nanomaterials are being just as creatively used to improve old products, as well as usher in new ones. From tires to CRTs to sunscreens, nanomaterials are becoming a part of every industry. The Nanomaterials Handbook provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of nanomaterials. Employing terminology familiar to materials scientists and engineers, it provides an introduction that delves into the unique nature of nanomaterials. Looking at the quantum effects that come into play and other characteristics realized at the nano level, it explains how the properties displayed by nanomaterials can differ from those displayed by single crystals and conventional microstructured, monolithic, or composite materials. The introduction is followed by an in-depth investigation of carbon-based nanomaterials, which are as important to nanotechnology as silicon is to electronics. However, it goes beyond the usual discussion of nanotubes and nanofibers to consider graphite whiskers, cones and polyhedral crystals, and nanocrystalline diamonds. It also provides significant new information with regard to nanostructured semiconductors, ceramics, metals, biomaterials, and polymers, as well as nanotechnology’s application in drug delivery systems, bioimplants, and field-emission displays. The Nanomaterials Handbook is edited by world-renowned nanomaterials scientist Yury Gogotsi, who has recruited his fellow-pioneers from academia, national laboratories, and industry, to provide coverage of the latest material developments in America, Asia, Europe, and Australia.

This book is aimed at all those who are interested to understand the current research going on in nanomaterial science from the perspectives of biomedical, sensorial and energy applications including all aspects of physical chemist, chemical engineers and material scientist. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are at the forefront of modern research. The fast growing economy in this area requires experts with outstanding knowledge of nanoscience in combination with the skills to apply this knowledge in new products. A multidisciplinary scientific education is crucial to provide industry and research institutes with top quality experts who have a generic background in the different sub disciplines such as electronics, physics, chemistry, material science, biotechnology. The book covers recent advancement in nanoscience and nanotechnology particularly highlights the utilization of different types of nanomaterials in biomedical field, sensor and in the energy application. On the other hand, it leads the reader to the most significant recent developments in research. It provides a broad and in-depth coverage of the nanoscale materials and its depth significant applications.

Nanomaterials in Biomass Conversion: Advances and Applications for Bioenergy, Biofuels and Bio-based Products critically reviews the basic principles through to the latest advances in the emerging field of nanotechnology for the production of biofuels and bioenergy. Divided into 3 parts, the first five chapters explain the fundamentals of nanomaterials, their properties, characterization, and basic processes for synthesis. Part 2, which constitutes the majority of the book, reviews the various methods and technologies for the conversion of biomass to bioenergy, biofuels, and value-added products using nanomaterials. This includes homogeneous and heterogeneous nano-catalytic systems, nano-photocatalytic conversion, nanomaterial-assisted anaerobic digestion, nanoparticles-immobilized enzymes conversion, the production of biogas, volatile fatty acids, and value-added products, and in carbon capture and conversion to sustainable energy products, as well as the potential of nano-biochar, nano-cellulose, and other nanomaterials in microbial fuel cells, bioelectrochemical systems, and batteries. Finally, Part 3 addresses the techno-economics and financial viability in the context of the circular economy, risk related to toxicology, stability, and environmental impacts, and considers the various challenges and future opportunities of biomass conversion through nanomaterials. Nanomaterials in Biomass Conversion is an invaluable resource for researchers and engineers involved in the production of bioenergy, biofuel, and bioproducts, and will also be of benefit to those interested in environmental remediation, pollution management, and cleaner energy production. - Critically examines the role of nanomaterials in the management of waste biomass as applied to bioenergy and biofuels - Explains various nanotechnological methods for the conversion of waste biomass into value-added products - Discusses the basic principles, operational aspects, ongoing developments, and future perspectives related to the applications of nanotechnologies and nanomaterials in biomass conversion - Provides solutions to the key challenges of nanotechnologies and nanomaterials in the conversion of biomass, along with future challenges and risks