The Giriama of Kenya's coastal hinterland persistently resisted colonialism, and they were unreceptive both to Christianity and to Islam. In 1912 the British colonial authorities earmarked the Giriama as a key source of labor for the plantations Europeans were trying to develop along the coast. The Giriama, prosperous producers and traders, could not become wage laborers and maintain their successful economy, and the British demands upon this scattered people therefore were spontaneously rejected. Increased pressure increased Giriama recalcitrance. Finally, military action brought defeat to the Giriama, whose only weapons were bows and arrows and whose decentralization prevented coordinated resistance. They lost their best lands, paid a heavy fine, and had to contribute a thousand laborers to the Carrier Corps. But the British costs were also heavy. The coastal plantations failed, few Giriama ever became wage laborers, and the entire area became depressed economically. Cynthia Brantley explores the precolonial Giriama's political and economic system and their dynamic trade relationship with the coast of Kenya in an effort to explain why the Giriama were so determined in their resistance to British pressure. She shows that even when the political and social structures of a people seem weak, it is unlikely that the population will submit to changes that undermine the economy. Moreover, their very lack of a centralized political or religious organization made the imposition of foreign administration extremely difficult. The British won the war, but their victory was hollow. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1981.

In the scramble for Africa, Britain took a lion’s share of the continent. It occupied and controlled vast territories, including the Uganda Protectorate – which it ruled for 68 years. Early administrators in the region encountered the progressive kingdom of Buganda, which they incorporated into the British Empire. Under the guise of protection, indirect rule and patronage, Britain overran, plundered and disempowered the kingdom’s traditional institutions. On liquidation of the Empire, Buganda was coaxed into a problematic political order largely dictated from London. Today, 56 years after independence, the kingdom struggles to rediscover itself within Uganda’s fragile politics. Based on newly de-classified records, this book reconstructs a history of the machinations underpinning British imperial interests in (B)Uganda and the personalities who embodied colonial rule. It addresses Anglo-Uganda relations, demonstrating how Uganda’s politics reflects its colonial past, and the forces shaping its future. It is a far-reaching examination of British rule in (B)uganda, questioning whether it was designed for protection, for patronage or for plunder.

Offers an insightful yet readable study of the paths - and challenges - to social cohesion in Africa, by experienced historians, economists and political scientists.

Effects on the violence

First Published in 1966. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Publisher description

This is a regimental history with a difference, one that is bound up with the history of the British Empire in Africa and the extension and development of British rule in the territories of Somaliland, British East Africa (redesignated Kenya from July 1920), Uganda, Nyasaland and, after 1918, Tanganyika (previously German East Africa). These were the territories that were the recruiting grounds for the KAR to which officers from the British Army were seconded - there were no permanent commissions in the KAR unlike the Indian Army which had its own officer structure. No regiment has ever been more intimately connected with the territory through which it marched and fought, or with the peoples from which it was recruited. It was a unique regiment. The author has arranged the book in five parts: The Campaigns of the Early Regiments; The Consolidation of the Regiment, 1901-1914; The East Africa Campaign, 1914-1918; Internal Security and Reorganization 1914-1939; and The War of 1939-1945. The story begins with the political background to the British administration in East and Central Africa up to the close of the nineteenth century. During the last decade of that century three regiments were formed which were the forerunners of the K.A.R - The Central African Regiment, The Uganda Rifles and the East African Rifles. These saw action in various expeditions and campaigns, in Mauritius, Somaliland, The Ashanti War, The Gambia Expedition, Expeditions against the Nandi and others. On 1 January 1902 the King's African Rifles came into being, incorporating the original regiments as battalions, six battalions: 1st and 2nd (Central Africa); 3rd (East Africa); 4th and 5th (Uganda) and 6th (Somaliland) Battalions. The total strength was returned as 4,683 officers and men, including 104 British officers. For the new regiment the main operations before WWI were the campaigns against the Mad Mullah of Somaliland involving four expeditions; he wasn't finally seen off until 1920. During the Great War there were 21 battalions and at peak strength in July 1918 the K.A.R. numbered 1,193 officers, 1,497 British NCOs and 30,658 Africans; casualties amounted to 5,117 with a further 3,039 died of disease. The regiment’s part in the campaign against von Lettow-Vorbeck in East Africa is fully described. The regiment was again in action during WWII taking part in three separate campaigns: the defeat of the Italians in Somalia and Abyssinia; the occupation of Madagascar against the opposition of the Vichy French; and the reconquest of Burma when, for the first time, K.A.R. battalions fought outside the continent of Africa. This must be one of the best regimental histories ever written.

Explore the violence and conflict that lead up to the land invasions prior to Kenya's 2017 general election. The Contested Lands of Laikipia tells how, and why, land claims and ethnic categories became increasingly politicized here over the past century.