The peripheral nervous system is usually defined as the cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and peripheral ganglia which lie outside the brain and spinal cord. To describe the structure and function of this system in one book may have been possible last century. Today, only a judicious selection is possible. It may be fairly claimed that the title of this book is not misleading, for in keeping the text within bounds only accounts of olfaction, vision, audition, and vestibular function have been omitted, and as popularly understood these topics fall into the category of special senses. This book contains a comprehensive treatment of the structure and function of peripheral nerves (including axoplasmic flow and trophic func tions); junctional regions in the autonomic and somatic divisions of the peripheral nervous system; receptors in skin, tongue, and deeper tissues; and the integrative role of ganglia. It is thus a handbook of the peripheral nervous system as it is usually understood for teaching purposes. The convenience of having this material inside one set of covers is already proven, for my colleagues were borrowing parts of the text even while the book was in manuscript. It is my belief that lecturers will find here the information they need, while graduate students will be able to get a sound yet easily read account of results of research in their area. JOHN 1. HUBBARD vii Contents SECTION I-PERIPHERAL NERVE Chapter 1 Peripheral Nerve Structure 3 Henry deF. Webster 3 1. Introduction .

Many advances have been made in the last decade in the understanding of the computational principles underlying olfactory system functioning. Neuromorphic Olfaction is a collaboration among European researchers who, through NEUROCHEM (Fp7-Grant Agreement Number 216916)-a challenging and innovative European-funded project-introduce novel computing p

This section will consider the structure and function of muscle receptors, as well as the central nervous system mechanisms with which they are concerned. In volume I of this Handbook, receptor mechanisms are discussed in detail. Also, the crustacean stretch receptor and the frog muscle spindle have been considered. The present section will be concerned with vertebrate muscle receptors with an emphasis on mammals. Muscle receptors provide interesting examples of specialized mechanorecep tors. The muscle spindle is a striking case of a receptor which is regulated in its function by the central nervous system in efferent neurons. Muscle receptors have long been known to playa crucial role in the reflex regulation of movement. In recent years it has become apparent that these receptors are also important in sensory phenomena such as the perception of position and movement. St. Louis, July 1974 c.c. HUNT Contents Chapter I The Morphology of Muscle Receptors. By D. BARKER. With 99 Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1 Chapter II The Physiology of Muscle Receptors. By C.C. HUNT. With 21 Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 Chapter III Central Actions of Impulses in Muscle Afferent Fibres. By A. K. McINTYRE. With 8 Figures 235 Author Index 289 Subject Index 299 List of Contributors BARKER, David Department of Zoology, University of Durham, Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, Great Britain HUNT, Carlton C. Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Washington University, School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63110, USA McINTYRE, A. K.

The aim of this treatise is to summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms for blood flow control to skeletal muscle under resting conditions, how perfusion is elevated (exercise hyperemia) to meet the increased demand for oxygen and other substrates during exercise, mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of regular physical activity on cardiovascular health, the regulation of transcapillary fluid filtration and protein flux across the microvascular exchange vessels, and the role of changes in the skeletal muscle circulation in pathologic states. Skeletal muscle is unique among organs in that its blood flow can change over a remarkably large range. Compared to blood flow at rest, muscle blood flow can increase by more than 20-fold on average during intense exercise, while perfusion of certain individual white muscles or portions of those muscles can increase by as much as 80-fold. This is compared to maximal increases of 4- to 6-fold in the coronary circulation during exercise. These increases in muscle perfusion are required to meet the enormous demands for oxygen and nutrients by the active muscles. Because of its large mass and the fact that skeletal muscles receive 25% of the cardiac output at rest, sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction in vessels supplying this tissue allows central hemodynamic variables (e.g., blood pressure) to be spared during stresses such as hypovolemic shock. Sympathetic vasoconstriction in skeletal muscle in such pathologic conditions also effectively shunts blood flow away from muscles to tissues that are more sensitive to reductions in their blood supply that might otherwise occur. Again, because of its large mass and percentage of cardiac output directed to skeletal muscle, alterations in blood vessel structure and function with chronic disease (e.g., hypertension) contribute significantly to the pathology of such disorders. Alterations in skeletal muscle vascular resistance and/or in the exchange properties of this vascular bed also modify transcapillary fluid filtration and solute movement across the microvascular barrier to influence muscle function and contribute to disease pathology. Finally, it is clear that exercise training induces an adaptive transformation to a protected phenotype in the vasculature supplying skeletal muscle and other tissues to promote overall cardiovascular health. Table of Contents: Introduction / Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle and Its Vascular Supply / Regulation of Vascular Tone in Skeletal Muscle / Exercise Hyperemia and Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation During Muscular Activity / Microvascular Fluid and Solute Exchange in Skeletal Muscle / Skeletal Muscle Circulation in Aging and Disease States: Protective Effects of Exercise / References

Easily understood, up-to-date and clinically relevant, this book provides junior anaesthetists with an essential physiology resource.

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Provides readers with a detailed understanding of the different facets of muscle physiology. Examines motoneuron and muscle structure and function. It is intended for those need to know about skeletal muscle--from undergraduate and graduate students gaining advanced knowledge in kinesiology to physiotherapists, physiatrists, and other professionals whose work demands understanding of muscle form and function.