This book constitutes the refereed joint proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Multimodal Learning for Clinical Decision Support, ML-CDS 2020, and the 9th International Workshop on Clinical Image-Based Procedures, CLIP 2020, held in conjunction with the 23rd International Conference on Medical Imaging and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2020, in Lima, Peru, in October 2020. The workshops were held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 4 full papers presented at ML-CDS 2020 and the 9 full papers presented at CLIP 2020 were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions to ML-CDS and 10 submissions to CLIP. The ML-CDS papers discuss machine learning on multimodal data sets for clinical decision support and treatment planning. The CLIP workshops provides a forum for work centered on specific clinical applications, including techniques and procedures based on comprehensive clinical image and other data.

This book constitutes the refereed joint proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Multimodal Learning for Clinical Decision Support, ML-CDS 2021, held in conjunction with the 24th International Conference on Medical Imaging and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2021, in Strasbourg, France, in October 2021. The workshop was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 10 full papers presented at ML-CDS 2021 were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The ML-CDS papers discuss machine learning on multimodal data sets for clinical decision support and treatment planning.

This book constitutes the refereed joint proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Deep Learning in Medical Image Analysis, DLMIA 2018, and the 8th International Workshop on Multimodal Learning for Clinical Decision Support, ML-CDS 2018, held in conjunction with the 21st International Conference on Medical Imaging and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2018, in Granada, Spain, in September 2018. The 39 full papers presented at DLMIA 2018 and the 4 full papers presented at ML-CDS 2018 were carefully reviewed and selected from 85 submissions to DLMIA and 6 submissions to ML-CDS. The DLMIA papers focus on the design and use of deep learning methods in medical imaging. The ML-CDS papers discuss new techniques of multimodal mining/retrieval and their use in clinical decision support.

This book constitutes the refereed joint proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Deep Learning in Medical Image Analysis, DLMIA 2017, and the 6th International Workshop on Multimodal Learning for Clinical Decision Support, ML-CDS 2017, held in conjunction with the 20th International Conference on Medical Imaging and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2017, in Québec City, QC, Canada, in September 2017. The 38 full papers presented at DLMIA 2017 and the 5 full papers presented at ML-CDS 2017 were carefully reviewed and selected. The DLMIA papers focus on the design and use of deep learning methods in medical imaging. The ML-CDS papers discuss new techniques of multimodal mining/retrieval and their use in clinical decision support.

This book constitutes the refereed joint proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Interpretability of Machine Intelligence in Medical Image Computing, iMIMIC 2019, and the 9th International Workshop on Multimodal Learning for Clinical Decision Support, ML-CDS 2019, held in conjunction with the 22nd International Conference on Medical Imaging and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2019, in Shenzhen, China, in October 2019. The 7 full papers presented at iMIMIC 2019 and the 3 full papers presented at ML-CDS 2019 were carefully reviewed and selected from 10 submissions to iMIMIC and numerous submissions to ML-CDS. The iMIMIC papers focus on introducing the challenges and opportunities related to the topic of interpretability of machine learning systems in the context of medical imaging and computer assisted intervention. The ML-CDS papers discuss machine learning on multimodal data sets for clinical decision support and treatment planning.

The task of object localization in medical images is a corner stone of automatic image processing and a prerequisite for other medical imaging tasks. In this thesis, we present a general framework for the automatic detection and localization of spatially correlated key points in medical images based on a conditional random field (CRF). The problem of selecting suitable potential functions (knowledge sources) and defining a reasonable graph topology w.r.t. the dataset is automated by our proposed data-driven CRF optimization. We show how our fairly simple setup can be applied to different medical datasets involving different image dimensionalities (i.e., 2D and 3D), image modalities (i.e., X-ray, CT, MRI) and target objects ranging from 2 to 102 distinct key points by automatically adapting the CRF to the dataset. While the used general "default" configuration represents an easy to transfer setup, it already outperforms other state-of-the-art methods on three out of four datasets. By slightly gearing the proposed approach to the fourth dataset, we further illustrate that the approach is capable of reaching state-of-the-art performance of highly sophisticated and data-specific deep-learning-based approaches. Additionally, we suggest and evaluate solutions for common problems of graph-based approaches such as the reduced search space and thus the potential exclusion of the correct solution, better handling of spatial outliers using latent variables and the incorporation of invariant higher order potential functions. Each extension is evaluated in detail and the whole method is additionally compared to a rivaling convolutional-neural-network-based approach on a hard problem (i.e., the localization of many locally similar repetitive target key points) in terms of exploiting the spatial correlation. Finally, we illustrate how follow-up tasks, segmentation in this case, may benefit from a correct localization by reaching state-of-the-art performance using off-the-shelve methods in combination with our proposed method.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second MICCAI Workshop on Medical Content-Based Retrieval for Clinical Decision Support, MCBR-CBS 2011, held in Toronto, Canada, in September 2011. The 11 revised full papers presented together with 2 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 17 submissions. The papers are divided on several topics on medical image retrieval with textual approaches, visual word based approaches, applications and multidimensional retrieval.

Currently, informatics within the field of public health is a developing and growing industry. Clinical informatics are used in direct patient care by supplying medical practitioners with information that can be used to develop a care plan. Intelligent applications in clinical informatics facilitates with the technology-based solutions to analyze data or medical images and help clinicians to retrieve that information. Decision models aid with making complex decisions especially in uncertain situations. The Handbook of Research on Applied Intelligence for Health and Clinical Informatics is a comprehensive reference book that focuses on the study of resources and methods for the management of healthcare infrastructure and information. This book provides insights on how applied intelligence with deep learning, experiential learning, and more will impact healthcare and clinical information processing. The content explores the representation, processing, and communication of clinical information in natural and engineered systems. This book covers a range of topics including applied intelligence, medical imaging, telehealth, and decision support systems, and also looks at technologies and tools used in the detection and diagnosis of medical conditions such as cancers, diabetes, heart disease, lung disease, and prenatal syndromes. It is an essential reference source for diagnosticians, medical professionals, imaging specialists, data specialists, IT consultants, medical technologists, academicians, researchers, industrial experts, scientists, and students.

This Research Topic is the fourth volume of the series Clinical Application of Artificial Intelligence in Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Volume I: Clinical Application of Artificial Intelligence in Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Volume I Volume II:Clinical Application of Artificial Intelligence in Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Volume II Volume III:Clinical Application of Artificial Intelligence in Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Volume III Analytics based on artificial intelligence has greatly advanced scientific research fields like natural language processing and imaging classification. Clinical research has also greatly benefited from artificial intelligence. Emergency and critical care physicians face patients with rapidly changing conditions, which require accurate risk stratification and initiation of rescue therapy. Furthermore, critically ill patients, such as those with sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and trauma, are comprised of heterogeneous population. The “one-size-fit-all” paradigm may not fit for the management of such heterogeneous patient population. Thus, artificial intelligence can be employed to identify novel subphenotypes of these patients. These sub classifications can provide not only prognostic value for risk stratification but also predictive value for individualized treatment. With the development of transcriptome providing a large amount of information for an individual, artificial intelligence can greatly help to identify useful information from high dimensional data. Altogether, it is of great importance to further utilize artificial intelligence in the management of critically ill patients.

This book features high-quality research papers presented at Fourth Doctoral Symposium on Computational Intelligence (DoSCI 2023), organized by Institute of Engineering and Technology (IET), AKTU, Lucknow, India, on March 3, 2023. This book discusses the topics such as computational intelligence, artificial intelligence, deep learning, evolutionary algorithms, swarm intelligence, fuzzy sets and vague sets, rough set theoretic approaches, quantum-inspired computational intelligence, hybrid computational intelligence, machine learning, computer vision, soft computing, distributed computing, parallel and grid computing, cloud computing, high-performance computing, biomedical computing, and decision support and decision making