And Perspective 225 -- Acknowledgments 225 -- R eferences 225 -- Chapter 9. NANOPARTICLES: BUILDING BLOCKS -- For Functional Nanostructures -- Corey Radloff, Cristin E. Moran, Joseph B. Jackson, Naomi J Halas -- 1. Introduction 229 -- 2. Building Blocks 230 -- 2.1. Nonmetallic Nanoparticles 230 -- 2.2. Semiconductor Nanocrystals 235 -- 2.3. M etal N anoparticles 241 -- 3. Assembly and Deposition Methods 244 -- 3.1. N anoshells 244 -- 3.2. Two- and Three-Dimensional Nanoparticle Assemblies 247 -- 3.3. Single-Particle Trapping and Manipulation 256 -- 4. A pplications 258 -- 4.1. Quantum Dot Corporation 258 -- 4.2. Nanospectra L.L.P 258 -- 4.3. SurroMed Incorporated 259 -- R eferences 259 -- Chapter 10. MOLECULAR- AND NANOCRYSTAL-BASED -- Photovoltaics -- Laura A. Swafford, Sandra J. Rosenthal -- 1. Introduction 263 -- 2. p-n Junction Silicon Solar Cells 264 -- 3. Photosynthesis: Nature's Solar Cell 266 -- 4. Molecular- and Nanomaterial-Based Photovoltaics 267 -- 4.1. Schottky Photodiodes 267 -- 4.2. Sandwich Heterojunction Photovoltaics 277 -- 4.3. Bulk Heterojunction Photovoltaics 279 -- 5. Future Photovoltaics 284 -- 6. Concluding Remarks 286 -- Appendix: Photovoltaic Efficiencies 286 -- A .1. Lighting Conditions 286 -- A.2. Calculating Photovoltaic Efficiencies 287 -- Acknowledgments 287 -- R eferences 287 -- Chapter 11. ORGANIC THIN FILM TRANSISTORS -- Hagen Klauk, Thomas N. Jackson -- 1. Introduction 291 -- 2. Pushing the Limits 296 -- 3. Device Architectures 297 -- 4. Flexible Substrate Technology 297 -- 5. Gate Dielectrics 299 -- 6. Low-Cost Proc.

The latest advances in nanoelectronics This definitive volume addresses the state of the art in nanoelectronics, covering nanowires, molecular electronics, and nanodevices. Written by global experts in the field, Nanoelectronics discusses cutting-edge techniques and emerging materials, such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. This pioneering work offers a comprehensive survey of nanofabrication options for use in next-generation technologies. Nanoelectronics covers: Electrical properties of metallic nanowires Electromigration defect nucleation in damascene copper interconnect lines Carbon nanotube interconnects in CMOS integrated circuits Printed organic electronics One-dimensional nanostructure-enabled chemical sensing Cross-section fabrication and analysis of nanoscale device structures and complex organic electronics Microfabrication and applications of nanoparticle-doped conductive polymers Single-electron conductivity in organic nanostructures for transistors and memories Synthesis of molecular bioelectronic nanostructures Nanostructured electrode materials for advanced Li-ion batteries Quantum-dot devices based on carbon nanotubes Carbon nanotubes as electromechanical actuators Low-level nanoscale electrical measurements and ESD Nanopackaging

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the rapidly developing field of molecular electronics. It focuses on our present understanding of the electrical conduction in single-molecule circuits and provides a thorough introduction to the experimental techniques and theoretical concepts. It will also constitute as the first textbook-like introduction to both the experiment and theory of electronic transport through single atoms and molecules. In this sense, this publication will prove invaluable to both researchers and students interested in the field of nanoelectronics and nanoscience in general. Molecular Electronics is self-contained and unified in its presentation. It may be used as a textbook on nanoelectronics by graduate students and advanced undergraduates studying physics and chemistry. In addition, included are previously unpublished material that will help researchers gain a deeper understanding into the basic concepts involved in the field of molecular electronics.

An accessible introduction for electronic engineers, computer scientists and physicists. The overview covers all aspects from underlying technologies to circuits and systems. The challenge of nanoelectronics is not only to manufacture minute structures but also to develop innovative systems for effective integration of the billions of devices. On the system level, various architectures are presented and important features of systems, such as design strategies, processing power, and reliability are discussed. Many specific technologies are presented, including molecular devices, quantum electronic devices, resonant tunnelling devices, single electron devices, superconducting devices, and even devices for DNA and quantum computing. The book also compares these devices with current silicon technologies and discusses limits of electronics and the future of nanosystems.

The aim of Molecular and Nano Electronics: Analysis, Design and Simulation is to draw together contributions from some of the most active researchers in this new field in order to illustrate a theory guided-approach to the design of molecular and nano-electronics. The field of molecular and nano-electronics has driven solutions for a post microelectronics era, where microelectronics dominate through the use of silicon as the preferred material and photo-lithography as the fabrication technique to build binary devices (transistors). The construction of such devices yields gates that are able to perform Boolean operations and can be combined with computational systems, capable of storing, processing, and transmitting digital signals encoded as electron currents and charges. Since the invention of the integrated circuits, microelectronics has reached increasing performances by decreasing strategically the size of its devices and systems, an approach known as scaling-down, which simultaneously allow the devices to operate at higher speeds.* Provides a theory-guided approach to the design of molecular and nano-electronics* Includes solutions for researchers working in this area* Contributions from some of the most active researchers in the field of nano-electronics

There are fundamental and technological limits of conventional microfabrication and microelectronics. Scaling down conventional devices and attempts to develop novel topologies and architectures will soon be ineffective or unachievable at the device and system levels to ensure desired performance. Forward-looking experts continue to search for new paradigms to carry the field beyond the age of microelectronics, and molecular electronics is one of the most promising candidates. The Nano and Molecular Electronics Handbook surveys the current state of this exciting, emerging field and looks toward future developments and opportunities. Molecular and Nano Electronics Explained Explore the fundamentals of device physics, synthesis, and design of molecular processing platforms and molecular integrated circuits within three-dimensional topologies, organizations, and architectures as well as bottom-up fabrication utilizing quantum effects and unique phenomena. Technology in Progress Stay current with the latest results and practical solutions realized for nanoscale and molecular electronics as well as biomolecular electronics and memories. Learn design concepts, device-level modeling, simulation methods, and fabrication technologies used for today's applications and beyond. Reports from the Front Lines of Research Expert innovators discuss the results of cutting-edge research and provide informed and insightful commentary on where this new paradigm will lead. The Nano and Molecular Electronics Handbook ranks among the most complete and authoritative guides to the past, present, and future of this revolutionary area of theory and technology.

'This is one of the best available graduate-level textbooks on electronic transport at the nanoscale. Its unique feature is providing a thorough and completely self-contained treatment of several theoretical formalisms for treating the transport problem. As such, the book is useful not only for the graduate students working in the field of nanoscale electrical transport, but also for the researchers who wish to expand their knowledge of various fundamental issues associated with this rapidly developing field. Of particular note are deep physical insights accompanying the rigorous mathematical derivations in each of the chapters, as well as the clear statement of all the approximations involved in a particular theoretical formalism. This winning combination makes the book very accessible to a reader with basic knowledge of quantum mechanics, solid state theory and thermodynamics/statistical mechanics. I give this book the highest recommendation.' [Read Full Review]Serfei A EgorovUniveristy of Virginia, USAThis book is aimed at senior undergraduates, graduate students and researchers interested in quantitative understanding and modeling of nanomaterial and device physics. With the rapid slow-down of semiconductor scaling that drove information technology for decades, there is a pressing need to understand and model electron flow at its fundamental molecular limits. The purpose of this book is to enable such a deconstruction needed to design the next generation memory, logic, sensor and communication elements. Through numerous case studies and topical examples relating to emerging technology, this book connects 'top down' classical device physics taught in electrical engineering classes with 'bottom up' quantum and many-body transport physics taught in physics and chemistry. The book assumes no more than a nodding acquaintance with quantum mechanics, in addition to knowledge of freshman level mathematics. Segments of this book are useful as a textbook for a course in nano-electronics.

This consistent and comprehensive text is unique in providing an informed insight into molecular electronics by contrasting the prospects for molecular scale electronics with the continuing development of the inorganic semiconductor industry. Providing a wealth of information on the subject from background material to possible applications, Molecular Electronics contains all the need to know information in one easily accessible place. Speculation about future developments has also been included to give the whole picture of this increasingly popular and important topic.

Theoretical and Technological Advancements in Nanotechnology and Molecular Computation: Interdisciplinary Gains compiles research in areas where nanoscience and computer science meet. This book explores current and future trends that discus areas such as, cellular nanocomputers, DNA self-assembly, and the architectural design of a "nano-brain." The authors of each chapter have provided in-depth insight into the current state of research in nanotechnology and molecular computation as well as identified successful approaches, tools and methodologies in their research.

Consisting of ten chapters written by some of the world's leaders in the field, this book combines experimental, theoretical and numerical studies of current-driven phenomena in the nanoscale. The topics covered range from single-molecule, site-specific nanochemistry induced by a scanning tunneling microscope, through inelastic tunneling spectrosco