Drug overdose, driven largely by overdose related to the use of opioids, is now the leading cause of unintentional injury death in the United States. The ongoing opioid crisis lies at the intersection of two public health challenges: reducing the burden of suffering from pain and containing the rising toll of the harms that can arise from the use of opioid medications. Chronic pain and opioid use disorder both represent complex human conditions affecting millions of Americans and causing untold disability and loss of function. In the context of the growing opioid problem, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) launched an Opioids Action Plan in early 2016. As part of this plan, the FDA asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a committee to update the state of the science on pain research, care, and education and to identify actions the FDA and others can take to respond to the opioid epidemic, with a particular focus on informing FDA's development of a formal method for incorporating individual and societal considerations into its risk-benefit framework for opioid approval and monitoring.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a psychiatric treatment involving the induction of a seizure through the transmission of electricity in the brain. Because of exploitation movies and greatly heightened drug company promotional activities ECT was used less frequently in the 1980s and 1990s. Eventually these movies were understood as unrealistic. Now these drugs are increasingly recognized as dangers to body health. Because of recent refinements and a far better scientific understanding of the clinical procedures and mechanisms underpinning ECT, this treatment modality has seen a resurgence in use and widespread appreciation of its safety. This book is the new definitive reference on electroconvulsive and neuromodulation therapies. It comprehensively covers the scientific basis and clinical practice of ECT as well as comparisons between ECT and medication therapies including the new generation of antipsychotic drugs. It also provides readers with administrative perspectives and specific details for the management of this modality in clinical practice. The new forms of nonconvulsive electrical and magnetic brain stimulation therapy are also covered in detail, in a separate section. The chapter authors are leading scholars and clinicians.

This book emphasizes treatment options for Parkinson's disease, providing the necessary clinical and scientific basis for the foundations of solid therapeutics.

This three-volume text provides a comprehensive review and reference source for those with a teaching, research, or practical involvement in alcohol metabolism in humans. Written by 70 contributing authors from 12 countries, this publication covers a wide range of material, from medicolegal aspects of alcohol metabolism to the structure of enzymes involved in metabolizing alcohol. Although primarily concerned with human alcohol metabolism, information from animal experiments is included where it clarifies results of human studies, or where information for human subjects is not available.

Recent studies show that changes in Glutamate/GABA synapses and related pathways may determine whether the synaptic plasticity that occurs as a response to stress is adaptive or maladaptive. Findings have shed new light on the mechanisms that determine the effects of stress on cognitive and affective function. Researchers have brought a wide range of techniques to bear on the study of this problem, including cutting-edge live imaging techniques, electrophysiology, glutamate release from isolated live synaptic terminals, development of transgenic and animal models and new behavioral methods. This book provides an overview of these recent findings and of the techniques used as well as a discussion of how the molecular, cellular, and functional effects of stress may trigger or precipitate neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression, schizophrenia, anxiety and PTSD.

This book is the newest edition on the series ‘advances in psychiatry’. The previous 3 volumes can be found online at http://www.wpanet.org/detail.php?section_id=10&content_id=660 . They were highly successful in covering a broad area of psychiatry from different perspectives and angles and by reflecting both specialized but also international and global approaches. This series have guaranteed quality therefore can be used by different scientific groups for teaching and learning and also as a means for fast dissemination of advanced research and transformation of research findings into the everyday clinical practice.

A practical guide translating clinical trials findings, across major psychiatric disorders, to devise tailored, evidence-based treatments.