Modern Vacuum Physics presents the principles and practices of vacuum science and technology along with a number of applications in research and industrial production. The first half of the book builds a foundation in gases and vapors under rarefied conditions, The second half presents examples of the analysis of representative systems and describe

Modern Vacuum Physics presents the principles and practices of vacuum science and technology along with a number of applications in research and industrial production. The first half of the book builds a foundation in gases and vapors under rarefied conditions, The second half presents examples of the analysis of representative systems and describes some of the exciting developments in which vacuum plays an important role. The final chapter addresses practical matters, such as materials, components, and leak detection. Throughout the book, the author's explanations are presented in terms of first principles and basic physics, augmented by illustrative worked examples and numerous figures.

This book is aimed at a large audience: scientists, engineers, professors and students wise enough to keep a critical stance whenever confronted with the chilling dogmas of contemporary physics. Readers will find a tantalizing amount of material calculated to nurture their thoughts and arouse their suspicion, to some degree at least, on the so-called validity of today's most celebrated physical theories. Contents: Wave Meaning of the Special Relativity Theory; Change of Reference Frame; Relativistic and Classical Mechanics; Experimental Tests of Special Relativity; Partial Differential Equations of Second Order; The Wave Packet Concept; Electromagnetism; Electromagnetic Induction; Amp re and Lorentz Forces; The Li(r)nardOCoWiechert Potential; Analysis of the Electromagnetic Field; Photonics Versus Electromagnetism; Radiation of Extended Sources; The Green Formulation; Wave Extinction in a Dielectric; Plasma Equation. Readership: Students and academics in advanced physics."

Vacuum Physics and Techniques covers all of the important topics in modern vacuum physics and will enable the reader to understand the problems associated with vacuum system design, pressure measurement, etc. Students, engineers and researchers entering the area will find this book an excellent introduction to modern vacuum physics and current practice.

The purpose of this book is to help scientists, engineers and technicians learn about and better understand the vacuum technology found in science and industry today. Understanding how the equipment is built and functions will help the practitioner create more successful applications. This book is written so that anyone new to the art, or even an experienced practitioner, who wishes to learn about vacuum engineering can do so quickly and easily. It provides an undercut to the many classic texts that are still available today. Armed with the information contained within, the technologist will be able to go to the more advanced materials, if needed, and absorb that knowledge quickly and efficiently. Understanding Modern Vacuum Technology explains concepts and methods by presenting the historical background of the development of the technology and how it has evolved into the technology we use today. It draws on historical papers and patents to show how the technology was conceived and then brings the topic up to modern times. In this way the reader will gain full conceptual understandings so that he or she will be able to then create sound vacuum solutions for the technical challenges that they face. A partial list of topics: Gas Laws Microscopic Description of a Gas Flows and Conductance Pressure Measurement Partial Pressure and Mass Analysis Vapor Pressure Basic Concepts of Pumping Rough Vacuum Pumps Diffusion Pumps Turbomolecular Pumps Cryopumps Ion Pumps Getter Pumps Calibrated Leaks

A vacuum, classically understood, contains nothing. The quantum vacuum, on the other hand, is a seething cauldron of nothingness: particle pairs going in and out of existence continuously and rapidly while exerting influence over an enormous range of scales. Acclaimed mathematical physicist and natural philosopher Luciano Boi expounds the quantum vacuum, exploring the meaning of nothingness and its relationship with physical reality. Boi first provides a deep analysis of the interaction between geometry and physics at the quantum level. He next describes the relationship between the microscopic and macroscopic structures of the world. In so doing, Boi sheds light on the very nature of the universe, stressing in an original and profound way the relationship between quantum geometry and the internal symmetries underlying the behavior of matter and the interactions of forces. Beyond the physics and mathematics of the quantum vacuum, Boi offers a profoundly philosophical interpretation of the concept. Plato and Aristotle did not believe a vacuum was possible. How could nothing be something, they asked? Boi traces the evolution of the quantum vacuum from an abstract concept in ancient Greece to its fundamental role in quantum field theory and string theory in modern times. The quantum vacuum is a complex entity, one essential to understanding some of the most intriguing issues in twentieth-century physics, including cosmic singularity, dark matter and energy, and the existence of the Higgs boson particle. Boi explains with simple clarity the relevant theories and fundamental concepts of the quantum vacuum. Theoretical, mathematical, and particle physicists, as well as researchers and students of the history and philosophy of physics, will find The Quantum Vacuum to be a stimulating and engaging primer on the topic.

However, the electron tube has continued as the component of choice in a wide range of important devices and applications where semiconductors simply will not do: televisions, electron microscopes, spectrometers, X-ray equipment, accelerators, devices using freely charged particles, and microwave devices, to name a few.

This book gives an overview of modern cathodes and electron emitters for vacuum tubes and vacuum electron devices in general. It covers the latest developments in field emission theory as well as new methods towards improving thermionic and cold cathodes. It addresses thermionic cathodes, such as oxide cathodes, impregnated and scandate cathodes, as well as photocathodes and field emitters – the latter comprising carbon nanotubes, graphene and Spindt-type emitter arrays. Despite the rise and fall of the once dominant types of vacuum tubes, such as radio valves and cathode ray tubes, cathodes are continually being improved upon as new applications with increased demands arise, for example in electron beam lithography, high-power and high-frequency microwave tubes, terahertz imaging and electron sources for accelerators. Written by 17 experts in the field, the book presents the latest developments in cathodes needed for these applications, discussing the state of the art and addressing future trends.

Vacuum plays an important role in science and technology. The study of interaction of charged particles, neutrals and radiation with each other and with solid surfaces requires a vacuum environment for reliable investigations. Vacuum has contributed to major advancements made in nuclear science, space, metallurgy, electrical/electronic technology, chemical engineering, transportation, robotics and many other fields. This book is intended to assist students, scientists, technicians and engineers with understanding the basics of vacuum science and technology for application in their projects. The fundamental theories, concepts, devices, applications, and key inventions are discussed.

The Handbook of Vacuum Technology consists of the latest innovations in vacuum science and technology with a strong orientation towards the vacuum practitioner. It covers many of the new vacuum pumps, materials, equipment, and applications. It also details the design and maintenance of modern vacuum systems. The authors are well known experts in their individual fields with the emphasis on performance, limitations, and applications rather than theory. There aremany useful tables, charts, and figures that will be of use to the practitioner. - User oriented with many useful tables, charts, and figures of use to the practitioner - Reviews new vacuum materials and equipment - Illustrates the design and maintenance of modern vacuum systems - Includes well referenced chapters