Since the beginning of the preparation of this volume, we have been convinced that temperature and pressure measurements should not be separated, particularly in different applications at low temperatures. This belief has made us deeply conscious of the fact that the advanced applications and modern experimental methods of investigation in science and technology need the combination of various professional experiences and approaches. Although the book is divided into two parts (Part I by F. Pavese and Part II by G. F. Molinar), we have tried to correlate low-temperature and low-pressure measurements as much as possible. We hope that our readers will find this book, which contains a large number of experimental and reference data, useful in their effort to solve measurement problems. We are pleased to acknowledge our debt to several persons and wish to express our gratitude to them for their valuable cooperation and help: to our research group colleagues at the Istituto di Metrologia "G. Colonnetti" -IMGC (CNR), without whom the knowledge and the experience we built up during many years could not have been acquired; to G. T. McConville, M. Durieux, and K. Grohmann for revisions of and various suggestions for Part I; to V. E. Bean and C. R. Tilford of NIST and G. T. McConville for revisions of and various suggestions for Part II; and to I. Prinetti of IMGC for many valuable suggestions and careful textual revisions.

The monograph describes the methods and equipment employed at the National Bureau of Standards for calibrating standard platinum resistance thermometers (SPRT) on the International Practical Temperature Scale (IPTS-68).The official text of the scale is clarified and characteristics of the scale are described.Several designs of SPRT's are shown and discussed in the light of the requirements and recommendations on the text of the IPTS-68.Possible sources of error such as those due to the internal and external self-heating effects and the immersion characteristics of SPRT's are described in detail.Precautions and limitations for the mechanical and thermal treatment and for the shipment of SPRT's are indicated, and a guide is given for those desiring the thermometer calibration services of NBS.(Modified author abstract).

Practical information about today's vacuum technology The purpose of this book is to help scientists, engineers and technicians learn about and better understand the vacuum technology found in science and industry today. It is written so that anyone, whether new to the art or an experienced practitioner, who wishes to learn about vacuum engineering can do so quickly and easily. It provides an undercut to the many classic texts that are still available today. Armed with the information contained within, the technologist will be able to go to the more advanced materials, if needed, and absorb that knowledge quickly and efficiently. This second edition contains the absolute latest technology, some not found in any vacuum technology book to date. It has updated information about pressure measurement, pumping and residual gas analysis. You will find information about the cutting edge research being done by NIST to develop quantum based standards. Understanding Modern Vacuum Technology explains concepts and methods by presenting the historical background of the development of the technology and how it has evolved into the technology we use today. It draws on historical papers and patents to show how the technology was conceived and then brings the topic up to modern times. In this way the reader will gain full conceptual understandings so that he or she will be able to then create sound vacuum solutions for the technical challenges that they face. A partial list of topics: Gas Laws Microscopic Description of a Gas Flows and Conductance Pressure Measurement Partial Pressure and Mass Analysis Vapor Pressure Photonic Pressure Measurement Flow Characteristics in Vacuum Rough Vacuum Pumps Diffusion Pumps Turbomolecular Pumps Cryopumps Ion Pumps Getter Pumps Calibrated Leaks Leaks and their Detection In order to learn more, visit www.ModernVacuumTechnology.com.

Reports NIST research and development in the physical and engineering sciences in which the Institute is active. These include physics, chemistry, engineering, mathematics, and computer sciences. Emphasis on measurement methodology and the basic technology underlying standardization.

Proceedings of the 1997 Cryogenic Engineering Conference, July/August 1997, Portland, Oregon. Contains 263 papers discussing latest developments in cryogenic research. Reports on innovations in: superconductivity applications; superconducting RF technologies; design, performance, technology and applications of magnets; the large hadron collider (LHC); large-scale systems; mechanisms, machinery, instrumentation, and control; cryoelectronics; cryobiology and medical applications; space, electric power, and transportation applications; thermal and helium properties and mass transport; and heat exchangers, cryopumps, heat pipes and cryocoolers, including regenerative and pulse tube cryocoolers. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR