Through an examination of the two icons of the nineteenth century American temperance movement -- the self-made man and the crusading woman -- Fletcher demonstrates the evolving meaning and context of temperance and gender.

Socialist women faced the often thorny dilemma of fitting their concern with women's rights into their commitment to socialism. Mari Jo Buhle examines women's efforts to agitate for suffrage, sexual and economic emancipation, and other issues and the political and intellectual conflicts that arose in response. In particular, she analyzes the clash between a nativist socialism influence by ideas of individual rights and the class-based socialism championed by German American immigrants. As she shows, the two sides diverged, often greatly, in their approaches and their definitions of women's emancipation. Their differing tactics and goals undermined unity and in time cost women their independence within the larger movement.

Souvenir program for the National Convention of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union held at the Music Hall, Cleveland, Ohio, November 16-21, 1894 and a program from the Eleventh Annual Convention of the W.C.T.U. of Chester County, Pennsylvania held in Atglen, March 7, 1895. The souvenir program was issued by the W.C.T.U.'s Department of Parliamentary Usage and summarizes the parliamentary rules which were in effect during the convention. The program from the Chester County W.C.T.U. lists the proceedings of the day.