**Includes test bank and PowerPoint slides for professors who have adopted the text in their course. Contact [email protected] for more information. ** This well-received criminology textbook, now in its third edition, argues that crime must be understood as both a social and a political phenomenon. Using this lens, Marginality and Condemnation contends that what is defined as criminal, how we respond to “crime” and why individuals behave in anti-social ways are often the result of individual and systemic social inequalities and disparities in power. Beginning with an overview of criminological discourse, mainstream approaches and new directions in criminological theory, the book is then divided into sections, based on key social inequalities of class, gender, race and age, each of which begins with an outline of the general issues for understanding crime and an introduction that guides readers through the empirical chapters that follow. The studies provide insights into general issues in criminology, ranging from the historical and current nature of crime and criminal justice to the various responses to criminality. Readers are encouraged and challenged to understand crime and justice through concrete analyses rather than abstract argumentation. In addition to a new introductory chapter that confronts how we define crime, measure crime, and understand and use criminology in this millennium, the third edition provides new chapters examining crime in relation to the environment, terrorism, masculinity, children and youth, and Aboriginal gangs and the legacy of colonialism.

‘The way in which we treat minorities is the measure of civilization of a society.’ Mahatma Gandhi In the era of globalization, societies are becoming more diverse. Every country around the globe exhibits some ethnic, religious or cultural diversity. Instead of an asset to be celebrated, however, governments too often treat this as a threat. States in every world region repress the rights of their minorities or even deny their existence. For some minorities or indigenous peoples, their very survival is at stake. In addition to the war in Iraq, which remained the focus of intense media attention, over 20 further major armed conflicts were ongoing in other parts of the world in 2005, as well as a range of lower intensity conflicts. In three-quarters of these armed conflicts, violence was targeted at specific ethnic or religious groups. Yet many of these conflicts could have been prevented if minority and indigenous rights had been respected. This first edition of the State of the World’s Minorities looks at key developments over the last year affecting the human rights and security of ethnic, religious or linguistic minorities and indigenous peoples. It includes: - a Preface by the UN Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide, Juan E. Méndez - analysis of trends and legal developments by leading authorities on minority rights - an overview by world region highlighting main developments and areas of concern - statistical data on Peoples under Threat 2006 - ratification tables for the main minority rights treaties and extracts from recently concluded treaties. This major new reference work provides an objective analysis of how minorities and indigenous peoples are treated around the globe – and, with it, a measure of the civilization of our societies.

In order for the United States to maintain the global leadership and competitiveness in science and technology that are critical to achieving national goals, we must invest in research, encourage innovation, and grow a strong and talented science and technology workforce. Expanding Underrepresented Minority Participation explores the role of diversity in the science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) workforce and its value in keeping America innovative and competitive. According to the book, the U.S. labor market is projected to grow faster in science and engineering than in any other sector in the coming years, making minority participation in STEM education at all levels a national priority. Expanding Underrepresented Minority Participation analyzes the rate of change and the challenges the nation currently faces in developing a strong and diverse workforce. Although minorities are the fastest growing segment of the population, they are underrepresented in the fields of science and engineering. Historically, there has been a strong connection between increasing educational attainment in the United States and the growth in and global leadership of the economy. Expanding Underrepresented Minority Participation suggests that the federal government, industry, and post-secondary institutions work collaboratively with K-12 schools and school systems to increase minority access to and demand for post-secondary STEM education and technical training. The book also identifies best practices and offers a comprehensive road map for increasing involvement of underrepresented minorities and improving the quality of their education. It offers recommendations that focus on academic and social support, institutional roles, teacher preparation, affordability and program development.

Covers receipts and expenditures of appropriations and other funds.

The Westminster parliament is a highly visible political institution, and one of its core functions is approving new laws. Yet Britain's legislative process is often seen as executive-dominated, and parliament as relatively weak. As this book shows, such impressions can be misleading. Drawing on the largest study of its kind for more than forty years, Meg Russell and Daniel Gover cast new light on the political dynamics that shape the legislative process. They provide a fascinating account of the passage of twelve government bills - collectively attracting more than 4000 proposed amendments - through both the House of Commons and House of Lords. These include highly contested changes such as Labour's identity cards scheme and the coalition's welfare reforms, alongside other relatively uncontroversial measures. As well as studying the parliamentary record and amendments, the study draws from more than 100 interviews with legislative insiders. Following introductory chapters about the Westminster legislative process, the book focuses on the contribution of distinct parliamentary 'actors', including the government, opposition, backbenchers, select committees, and pressure groups. It considers their behaviour in the legislative process, what they seek to achieve, and crucially how they influence policy decisions. The final chapter reflects on Westminster's influence overall, showing this to be far greater than commonly assumed. Parliamentary influence is asserted in various different ways - ranging from visible amendments to more subtle means of changing government's behaviour. The book's findings make an important contribution to understanding both British politics and the dynamics of legislative bodies more broadly. Its readability and relevance will appeal to both specialists and general readers with interests in politics and law, in the UK and beyond.