This dissertation focuses on instrumentation development for optical monitoring of hemodynamics in rodent brains, which would allow neurophysiologists, conducting pre-clinical research on brain diseases and disorders, to better understand disease onset and progression, and evaluate treatment options. Three specific challenges in applying optical tools to brain imaging were addressed: (1) the limited robustness of optical imaging in the presence of misfocus, (2) the low sensitivity in imaging brain activity under anaesthesia in chronic, longitudinal studies, and (3) the limited penetration depth of optical microscopy in tissue. Two methods were proposed to address misfocus-related imaging artefacts, which enable quantitative optical measurements of blood flow to take place across large fields of view and over long imaging time-frames. A system for blood flow monitoring with extended depth of field was developed, showing improved ability to accurately image flow speeds over large areas in the brain. In addition, a novel measure for misfocus was proposed, enabling robust autofocusing in the presence of measurement noise. A miniaturized, skull-mounted multi-modal optical imaging system was designed for imaging brain blood flow and oxygenation changes in freely-behaving animals. This device constituted the first demonstration of wide-field optical imaging of brain blood flow and oxygenation in a chronic setting, suitable for longitudinal studies of brain disease progression and investigating treatment efficacy. Lastly, a novel endoscopy method was proposed to measure flow speeds of scattering fluids through a single, multi-mode optical fiber. This endoscopy method could enable imaging blood flow speeds in deep brain structures using a minimally-invasive probe that is over 2x smaller than conventional micro-endoscopes used today. Combined, the accomplishments described in this dissertation contributed to making optical measurements of brain hemodynamics applicable to a wider range of imaging assays, and to making optical imaging a more accessible tool for the study of brain vasculature.

This book presents a practical and comprehensive guide to game-changing and state-of-the-art wearable antennas and RF electronics and their applications. Written by leading experts, the book details how to weave clothing into functional antennas and sensors to serve as unobtrusive devices for medical monitoring, athletic performance tracking, body-area network communications, and a host of other applications. You will learn about the latest advances in materials and electronics along with new and unexplored opportunities in functionalizing fabrics for sensing and wireless connectivity; understand materials selection for diverse wearable applications; gain practical insight into the newest class of embroidered e-textiles; and learn how to engineer flexible and wearable sensors. Wearable Antennas and Electronics covers basic approaches for wearable technology and their applications. You will also get an expert preview of promising future directions and paths for research opportunities. This is a must-have resource for anyone working in the growing industry of wearables and body-area devices, including engineers, researchers, faculty, and graduate students.

Transpathology: Molecular Imaging-Based Pathology is a multidisciplinary reference on molecular imaging and pathology. The book is intended for professionals in the fields of molecular imaging, nuclear medicine, radiology, and pathology as well as students and clinical residents. The book describes the importance of non-invasive diagnosis-based precision medicine and presents a detailed description of current transpathological approaches in different aspects essential for the future development of precision medicine. It's molecular imaging approach to experimental research and clinical practice will drive the field forward and improve research outcomes. - Introduces a new concept of molecular imaging-guided precise biopsy - Links in vivo and ex vivo information at various scales by using multi-modality imaging technologies - Integrates future technologies for the non-invasive cross-validation of underlying mechanisms

The Handbook of Neurophotonics provides a dedicated overview of neurophotonics, covering the use of advanced optical technologies to record, stimulate, and control the activity of the brain, yielding new insight and advantages over conventional tools due to the adaptability and non-invasive nature of light. Including 32 colour figures, this book addresses functional studies of neurovascular signaling, metabolism, electrical excitation, and hemodynamics, as well as clinical applications for imaging and manipulating brain structure and function. The unifying theme throughout is not only to highlight the technology, but to show how these novel methods are becoming critical to breakthroughs that will lead to advances in our ability to manage and treat human diseases of the brain. Key Features: Provides the first dedicated book on state-of-the-art optical techniques for sensing and imaging across at the cellular, molecular, network, and whole brain levels. Highlights how the methods are used for measurement, control, and tracking of molecular events in live neuronal cells, both in basic research and clinical practice. Covers the entire spectrum of approaches, from optogenetics to functional methods, photostimulation, optical dissection, multiscale imaging, microscopy, and structural imaging. Includes chapters that show use of voltage-sensitive dye imaging, hemodynamic imaging, multiphoton imaging, temporal multiplexing, multiplane microscopy, optoacoustic imaging, near-infrared spectroscopy, and miniature neuroimaging devices to track cortical brain activity.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is the optical analog of ultrasound imaging and is emerging as a powerful imaging technique that enables non-invasive, in vivo, high resolution, cross-sectional imaging in biological tissue. This book introduces OCT technology and applications not only from an optical and technological viewpoint, but also from biomedical and clinical perspectives. The chapters are written by leading research groups, in a style comprehensible to a broad audience.

This third edition of a classic text in biological microscopy includes detailed descriptions and in-depth comparisons of parts of the microscope itself, digital aspects of data acquisition and properties of fluorescent dyes, the techniques of 3D specimen preparation and the fundamental limitations, and practical complexities of quantitative confocal fluorescence imaging. Coverage includes practical multiphoton, photodamage and phototoxicity, 3D FRET, 3D microscopy correlated with micro-MNR, CARS, second and third harmonic signals, ion imaging in 3D, scanning RAMAN, plant specimens, practical 3D microscopy and correlated optical tomography.

This open access book describes marked advances in imaging technology that have enabled the visualization of phenomena in ways formerly believed to be completelyimpossible. These technologies have made major contributions to the elucidation of the pathology of diseases as well as to their diagnosis and therapy. The volume presents various studies from molecular imaging to clinical imaging. It also focuses on innovative, creative, advanced research that gives full play to imaging technology inthe broad sense, while exploring cross-disciplinary areas in which individual research fields interact and pursuing the development of new techniques where they fuse together. The book is separated into three parts, the first of which addresses the topic of visualizing and controlling molecules for life. Th e second part is devoted to imaging of disease mechanisms, while the final part comprises studies on the application of imaging technologies to diagnosis and therapy. Th e book contains the proceedings of the 12th Uehara International Symposium 2017, “Make Life Visible” sponsored by the Uehara Memorial Foundation and held from June 12 to 14, 2017. It is written by leading scientists in the field and is an open access publication under a CC BY 4.0 license.

This open access book provides a comprehensive overview of the application of the newest laser and microscope/ophthalmoscope technology in the field of high resolution imaging in microscopy and ophthalmology. Starting by describing High-Resolution 3D Light Microscopy with STED and RESOLFT, the book goes on to cover retinal and anterior segment imaging and image-guided treatment and also discusses the development of adaptive optics in vision science and ophthalmology. Using an interdisciplinary approach, the reader will learn about the latest developments and most up to date technology in the field and how these translate to a medical setting. High Resolution Imaging in Microscopy and Ophthalmology – New Frontiers in Biomedical Optics has been written by leading experts in the field and offers insights on engineering, biology, and medicine, thus being a valuable addition for scientists, engineers, and clinicians with technical and medical interest who would like to understand the equipment, the applications and the medical/biological background. Lastly, this book is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Gerhard Zinser, co-founder of Heidelberg Engineering GmbH, a scientist, a husband, a brother, a colleague, and a friend.

Includes Proceedings Vol. 7821