Complex, microstructured materials are widely used in industry and technology and include alloys, ceramics and composites. Focusing on non-destructive evaluation (NDE), this book explores in detail the mathematical modeling and inverse problems encountered when using ultrasound to investigate heterogeneous microstructured materials. The outstanding features of the text are firstly, a clear description of both linear and nonlinear mathematical models derived for modelling the propagation of ultrasonic deformation waves, and secondly, the provision of solutions to the corresponding inverse problems that determine the physical parameters of the models. The data are related to nonlinearities at both a macro- and micro- level, as well as to dispersion. The authors’ goal has been to construct algorithms that allow us to determine the parameters within which we are required to characterize microstructure. To achieve this, the authors not only use conventional harmonic waves, but also propose a novel methodology based on using solitary waves in NDE. The book analyzes the uniqueness and stability of the solutions, in addition to providing numerical examples.

Complex, microstructured materials are widely used in industry and technology and include alloys, ceramics and composites. Focusing on non-destructive evaluation (NDE), this book explores in detail the mathematical modeling and inverse problems encountered when using ultrasound to investigate heterogeneous microstructured materials. The outstanding features of the text are firstly, a clear description of both linear and nonlinear mathematical models derived for modelling the propagation of ultrasonic deformation waves, and secondly, the provision of solutions to the corresponding inverse problems that determine the physical parameters of the models. The data are related to nonlinearities at both a macro- and micro- level, as well as to dispersion. The authors’ goal has been to construct algorithms that allow us to determine the parameters within which we are required to characterize microstructure. To achieve this, the authors not only use conventional harmonic waves, but also propose a novel methodology based on using solitary waves in NDE. The book analyzes the uniqueness and stability of the solutions, in addition to providing numerical examples.

Accelerated design and development of new advanced materials with improved performance characteristics and their successful insertion in engineering practice are largely hindered by the lack of a rigorous mathematical framework for the robust generation of microstructure informatics relevant to the specific application. In this chapter, we describe a set of novel data-driven, computationally efficient protocols that are capable of accelerating significantly the process of building the necessary microstructure informatics for a targeted application. Specific applications in establishing processing–structure–property linkages are discussed as representative examples of how data science can potentially transform the current practices in the materials design and development arena.

Inverse Problems are found in many areas of engineering mechanics and there are many successful applications e.g. in non-destructive testing and characterization of material properties by ultrasonic or X-ray techniques, thermography, etc. Generally speaking, inverse problems are concerned with the determination of the input and the characteristics of a system, given certain aspects of its output. Mathematically, such problems are ill-posed and have to be overcome through development of new computational schemes, regularization techniques, objective functionals, and experimental procedures. This volume contains a selection of peer-reviewed papers presented at the International Symposium on Inverse Problems in Engineering Mechanics (ISIP2001), held in February of 2001 in Nagano, Japan, where recent development in inverse problems in engineering mechanics and related topics were discussed. The following general areas in inverse problems in engineering mechanics were the subjects of the ISIP2001: mathematical and computational aspects of inverse problems, parameter or system identification, shape determination, sensitivity analysis, optimization, material property characterization, ultrasonic non-destructive testing, elastodynamic inverse problems, thermal inverse problems, and other engineering applications. These papers can provide a state-of-the-art review of the research on inverse problems in engineering mechanics.

Applied Micromechanics of Complex Microstructures explains the fundamental concepts of continuum modeling of various complicated microstructures, covering nanocomposites, multiphase composites, biomaterials, biological materials, and more. The authors outline the calculation of effective mechanical and thermal properties, allowing readers to understand the step-by-step modeling and homogenization of complicated microstructures, and the book also features a chapter on microstructure hull and material design. Modeling of complex samples with nonlinear properties such as neural tissue, bone microstructure, and liver tissue is also explained and analyzed. Explains the core concepts of continuum modeling of different complex microstructures, including nanocomposites, multiphase composites, biomaterials, and biological materials Provides detailed calculations of eff ective mechanical and thermal properties allowing the audience to understand the modeling and homogenization of complex microstructures Covers several methods for designing the microstructure of heterogeneous materials

Overview of diffraction methods applied to the analysis of the microstructure of materials. Since crystallite size and the presence of lattice defects have a decisive influence on the properties of many engineering materials, information about this microstructure is of vital importance in developing and assessing materials for practical applications. The most powerful and usually non-destructive evaluation techniques available are X-ray and neutron diffraction. The book details, among other things, diffraction-line broadening methods for determining crystallite size and atomic-scale strain due, e.g. to dislocations, and methods for the analysis of residual (macroscale) stress. The book assumes only a basic knowledge of solid-state physics and supplies readers sufficient information to apply the methods themselves.

Recent developments in inverse problems, multi-scale analysis and effective medium theory reveal that these fields share several fundamental concepts. This book is the proceedings of the research conference, ``Workshop in Seoul: Inverse Problems, Multi-Scale Analysis and Homogenization,'' held at Seoul National University, June 22-24, 2005. It highlights the benefits of sharing ideas among these areas, of merging the expertise of scientists working there, and of directing interest towards challenging issues such as imaging nanoscience and biological imaging. Contributions are written by prominent experts and are of interest to researchers and graduate students interested in partial differential equations and applications.

This unique collection introduces AI, Machine Learning (ML), and deep neural network technologies leading to scientific discovery from the datasets generated both by supercomputer simulation and by modern experimental facilities.Huge quantities of experimental data come from many sources — telescopes, satellites, gene sequencers, accelerators, and electron microscopes, including international facilities such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN in Geneva and the ITER Tokamak in France. These sources generate many petabytes moving to exabytes of data per year. Extracting scientific insights from these data is a major challenge for scientists, for whom the latest AI developments will be essential.The timely handbook benefits professionals, researchers, academics, and students in all fields of science and engineering as well as AI, ML, and neural networks. Further, the vision evident in this book inspires all those who influence or are influenced by scientific progress.

Learn the fundamentals of materials design with this all-inclusive approach to the basics in the field Study of materials science is an important aspect of curricula at universities worldwide. This text is designed to serve students at a fundamental level, positioning materials design as an essential aspect of the study of electronics, medicine, and energy storage. Now in its 3rd edition, Principles of Inorganic Materials Design is an introduction to relevant topics including inorganic materials structure/property relations and material behaviors. The new edition now includes chapters on computational materials science, intermetallic compounds, and covalent compounds. The text is meant to aid students in their studies by providing additional tools to study the key concepts and understand recent developments in materials research. In addition to the many topics covered, the textbook includes: • Accessible learning tools to help students better understand key concepts • Updated content including case studies and new information on computational materials science • Practical end-of-chapter exercises to assist students with the learning of the material • Short biographies introducing pioneers in the field of inorganic materials science For undergraduates just learning the material or professionals looking to brush up on their knowledge of current materials design information, this text covers a wide range of concepts, research, and topics to help round out their education. The foreword to the first edition was written by the 2019 Chemistry Nobel laureate Prof. John B. Goodenough.

This book gathers contributions on various aspects of the theory and applications of linear and nonlinear waves and associated phenomena, as well as approaches developed in a global partnership of researchers with the national Centre of Excellence in Nonlinear Studies (CENS) at the Department of Cybernetics of Tallinn University of Technology in Estonia. The papers chiefly focus on the role of mathematics in the analysis of wave phenomena. They highlight the complexity of related topics concerning wave generation, propagation, transformation and impact in solids, gases, fluids and human tissues, while also sharing insights into selected mathematical methods for the analytical and numerical treatment of complex phenomena. In addition, the contributions derive advanced mathematical models, share innovative ideas on computing, and present novel applications for a number of research fields where both linear and nonlinear wave problems play an important role. The papers are written in a tutorial style, intended for non-specialist researchers and students. The authors first describe the basics of a problem that is currently of interest in the scientific community, discuss the state of the art in related research, and then share their own experiences in tackling the problem. Each chapter highlights the importance of applied mathematics for central issues in the study of waves and associated complex phenomena in different media. The topics range from basic principles of wave mechanics up to the mathematics of Planet Earth in the broadest sense, including contemporary challenges in the mathematics of society. In turn, the areas of application range from classic ocean wave mathematics to material science, and to human nerves and tissues. All contributions describe the approaches in a straightforward manner, making them ideal material for educational purposes, e.g. for courses, master class lectures, or seminar presentations.