This is an overview of the current state of knowledge along with open problems and perspectives, clarified in such fields as non-standard inferences in description logics, logic of provability, logical dynamics and computability theory. The book includes contributions concerning the role of logic today, including unexpected aspects of contemporary logic and the application of logic. This book will be of interest to logicians and mathematicians in general.

This book presents contributions from world-renowned logicians, discussing important topics of logic from the point of view of their further development in light of requirements arising from successful application in Computer Science and AI language. Coverage includes: the logic of provability, computability theory applied to biology, psychology, physics, chemistry, economics, and other basic sciences; computability theory and computable models; logic and space-time geometry; hybrid systems; logic and region-based theory of space.

""Attempts to unite the fields of mathematical logic and general algebra. Presents a collection of refereed papers inspired by the International Conference on Logic and Algebra held in Siena, Italy, in honor of the late Italian mathematician Roberto Magari, a leading force in the blossoming of research in mathematical logic in Italy since the 1960s.

Mathematical logic is a branch of mathematics that takes axiom systems and mathematical proofs as its objects of study. This book shows how it can also provide a foundation for the development of information science and technology. The first five chapters systematically present the core topics of classical mathematical logic, including the syntax and models of first-order languages, formal inference systems, computability and representability, and Gödel’s theorems. The last five chapters present extensions and developments of classical mathematical logic, particularly the concepts of version sequences of formal theories and their limits, the system of revision calculus, proschemes (formal descriptions of proof methods and strategies) and their properties, and the theory of inductive inference. All of these themes contribute to a formal theory of axiomatization and its application to the process of developing information technology and scientific theories. The book also describes the paradigm of three kinds of language environments for theories and it presents the basic properties required of a meta-language environment. Finally, the book brings these themes together by describing a workflow for scientific research in the information era in which formal methods, interactive software and human invention are all used to their advantage. This book represents a valuable reference for graduate and undergraduate students and researchers in mathematics, information science and technology, and other relevant areas of natural sciences. Its first five chapters serve as an undergraduate text in mathematical logic and the last five chapters are addressed to graduate students in relevant disciplines.

Historically, nonclassical physics developed in three stages. First came a collection of ad hoc assumptions and then a cookbook of equations known as "quantum mechanics". The equations and their philosophical underpinnings were then collected into a model based on the mathematics of Hilbert space. From the Hilbert space model came the abstaction of "quantum logics". This book explores all three stages, but not in historical order. Instead, in an effort to illustrate how physics and abstract mathematics influence each other we hop back and forth between a purely mathematical development of Hilbert space, and a physically motivated definition of a logic, partially linking the two throughout, and then bringing them together at the deepest level in the last two chapters. This book should be accessible to undergraduate and beginning graduate students in both mathematics and physics. The only strict prerequisites are calculus and linear algebra, but the level of mathematical sophistication assumes at least one or two intermediate courses, for example in mathematical analysis or advanced calculus. No background in physics is assumed.

The popular literature on mathematical logic is rather extensive and written for the most varied categories of readers. College students or adults who read it in their free time may find here a vast number of thought-provoking logical problems. The reader who wishes to enrich his mathematical background in the hope that this will help him in his everyday life can discover detailed descriptions of practical (and quite often -- not so practical!) applications of logic. The large number of popular books on logic has given rise to the hope that by applying mathematical logic, students will finally learn how to distinguish between necessary and sufficient conditions and other points of logic in the college course in mathematics. But the habit of teachers of mathematical analysis, for example, to stick to problems dealing with sequences without limit, uniformly continuous functions, etc. has, unfortunately, led to the writing of textbooks that present prescriptions for the mechanical construction of definitions of negative concepts which seem to obviate the need for any thinking on the reader's part. We are most certainly not able to enumerate everything the reader may draw out of existing books on mathematical logic, however.

A thorough, accessible, and rigorous presentation of the central theorems of mathematical logic . . . ideal for advanced students of mathematics, computer science, and logic Logic of Mathematics combines a full-scale introductory course in mathematical logic and model theory with a range of specially selected, more advanced theorems. Using a strict mathematical approach, this is the only book available that contains complete and precise proofs of all of these important theorems: * Gödel's theorems of completeness and incompleteness * The independence of Goodstein's theorem from Peano arithmetic * Tarski's theorem on real closed fields * Matiyasevich's theorem on diophantine formulas Logic of Mathematics also features: * Full coverage of model theoretical topics such as definability, compactness, ultraproducts, realization, and omission of types * Clear, concise explanations of all key concepts, from Boolean algebras to Skolem-Löwenheim constructions and other topics * Carefully chosen exercises for each chapter, plus helpful solution hints At last, here is a refreshingly clear, concise, and mathematically rigorous presentation of the basic concepts of mathematical logic-requiring only a standard familiarity with abstract algebra. Employing a strict mathematical approach that emphasizes relational structures over logical language, this carefully organized text is divided into two parts, which explain the essentials of the subject in specific and straightforward terms. Part I contains a thorough introduction to mathematical logic and model theory-including a full discussion of terms, formulas, and other fundamentals, plus detailed coverage of relational structures and Boolean algebras, Gödel's completeness theorem, models of Peano arithmetic, and much more. Part II focuses on a number of advanced theorems that are central to the field, such as Gödel's first and second theorems of incompleteness, the independence proof of Goodstein's theorem from Peano arithmetic, Tarski's theorem on real closed fields, and others. No other text contains complete and precise proofs of all of these theorems. With a solid and comprehensive program of exercises and selected solution hints, Logic of Mathematics is ideal for classroom use-the perfect textbook for advanced students of mathematics, computer science, and logic.

Rigorous introduction is simple enough in presentation and context for wide range of students. Symbolizing sentences; logical inference; truth and validity; truth tables; terms, predicates, universal quantifiers; universal specification and laws of identity; more.

Written during the height of the Enlightenment, Immanuel Kant’s Introduction to Logic is an essential primer for anyone interested in the study of Kantian views on logic, aesthetics, and moral reasoning. More accessible than his other books, Introduction to Logic lays the foundation for his writings with a clear discussion of each of his philosophical pursuits. For more advanced Kantian scholars, this book can bring to light some of the enduring issues in Kant’s repertoire; for the beginner, it can open up the philosophical ideas of one of the most influential thinkers on modern philosophy. This edition comprises two parts: “Introduction to Logic” and an essay titled “The False Subtlety of the Four Syllogistic Figures,” in which Kant analyzes Aristotelian logic.

A Logiclab to accompany Keisler/Robbin, Mathematical Logic and Computability Disk 1 of 1, 1996, McGraw - Hill Co., Inc., For use with IBM and compatible computers