The papers collected in this volume are most of the material presented at the Advanced School on Mathematical Models for the Semantics of Parallelism, held in Rome, September 24- October 1, 1986. The need for a comprehensive and clear presentation of the several semantical approaches to parallelism motivated the stress on mathematical models, by means of which comparisons among different approaches can also be performed in a perspicuous way.

Semantics of Parallelism is the only book which provides a unified treatment of the non-interleaving approach to process semantics (as opposed to the interleaving approach of the process algebraists). Many results found in this book are collected for the first time outside conference and journal articles on the mathematics of non-interleaving semantics. It gives the reader a unified view of various attempts to model parallelism within one conceptual frame work. It is aimed at postgraduates in theoretical computer science and academics who are teaching and researching in the modelling of discrete, concurrent/distributed systems. Workers in the information technology industry who are interested in available theoretical studies on parallelism will also be interested in this book.

This collection of reprints describes a unified treatment of semantics, covering a wide range of notions in parallel languages. Included are several foundational and introductory papers developing the methodology of metric semantics, studies on the comparative semantics of parallel object-oriented and logic programming, and papers on full abstraction and transition system specifications. In addition, links with process algebra and the theory of domain equations are established. Throughout, a uniform proof technique is used to relate operational and denotational models. The approach is flexible in that both linear time, branching time (or bisimulation) and intermediate models can be handled, as well as schematic and interpreted elementary actions. The reprints are preceded by an extensive introduction surveying related work on metric semantics.

Heyting'88 Summer School and Conference on Mathematical Logic, held September 13 - 23, 1988 in Chaika, Bulgaria, was honourably dedicated to Arend Heyting's 90th anniversary. It was organized by Sofia University "Kliment Ohridski" on the occasion of its centenary and by the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, with sponsorship of the Association for Symbolic Logic. The Meeting gathered some 115 participants from 19 countries. The present volume consists of invited and selected papers. Included are all the invited lectures submitted for publication and the 14 selected contributions, chosen out of 56 submissions by the Selection Committee. The selection was made on the basis of reports of PC members, an average of 4 per sLlbmission. All the papers are concentrated on the topics of the Meeting: Recursion Theory, Modal and Non-classical Logics, Intuitionism and Constructivism, Related Applications to Computer and Other Sciences, Life and Work of Arend Heyting. I am pleased to thank all persons and institutions that contributed to the success of the Meeting: sponsors, Programme Committee members and additional referees, the members of the Organizing Committee, our secretaries K. Lozanova and L. Nikolova, as well as K. Angelov, V. Bozhichkova, A. Ditchev, D. Dobrev, N. Dimitrov, R. Draganova, G. Gargov, N. Georgieva, M. Janchev, P. Marinov, S. Nikolova, S. Radev, I. Soskov, A. Soskova and v. Sotirov, who helped in the organization, Plenum Press and at last but not least all participants in the Meeting and contributors to this volume

Gluecklich, die wissen, dass hinter allen Sprachen das Unsaegliche steht. Those are happy who know that behind all languages there is something unsaid Rainer Maria Rilke This book shows in a new way that a solution to a fundamental problem from one scienti?c ?eld can help to ?nd the solutions to important problems emerged in several other ?elds of science and technology. In modern science, the term “Natural Language” denotes the collection of all such languages that every language is used as a primary means of communication by people belonging to any country or any region. So Natural Language (NL) includes, in particular, the English, Russian, and German languages. The applied computer systems processing natural language printed or written texts (NL-texts) or oral speech with respect to the fact that the words are associated with some meanings are called semantics-oriented natural language processing s- tems (NLPSs). On one hand, this book is a snapshot of the current stage of a research p- gram started many years ago and called Integral Formal Semantics (IFS) of NL. The goal of this program has been to develop the formal models and methods he- ing to overcome the dif?culties of logical character associated with the engineering of semantics-oriented NLPSs. The designers of such systems of arbitrary kinds will ?nd in this book the formal means and algorithms being of great help in their work.

This book introduces a process calculus for parallel, distributed and reactive systems. It describes the conceptual foundations as well as the mathematical theory behind a programming language, and a number of application examples. The chosen approach provides a framework for understanding the semantics of parallel and distributed systems. Moreover, it can be directly applied to practical problems.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Computing in Object-Oriented Parallel Environments, ISCOPE 99, held in San Francisco, CA, USA in December 1999. The 14 revised full papers presented together with six short papers were selected from 41 submissions. The papers are devoted to compilers and optimization techniques, new application fields, components and metacomputing, numerical frameworks, generic programming and skeletons, application-specific frameworks, and runtime systems and techniques.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Parallel Processing and Applied Mathematics, PPAM 2007, held in Gdansk, Poland, in September 2007. The 63 revised full papers of the main conference presented together with 85 revised workshop papers were carefully reviewed and selected from over 250 initial submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on parallel/distributed architectures and mobile computing, numerical algorithms and parallel numerics, parallel and distributed non-numerical algorithms, environments and tools for as well as applications of parallel/distributed/grid computing, evolutionary computing, meta-heuristics and neural networks. The volume proceeds with the outcome of 11 workshops and minisymposia dealing with novel data formats and algorithms for dense linear algebra computations, combinatorial tools for parallel sparse matrix computations, grid applications and middleware, large scale computations on grids, models, algorithms and methodologies for grid-enabled computing environments, scheduling for parallel computing, language-based parallel programming models, performance evaluation of parallel applications on large-scale systems, parallel computational biology, high performance computing for engineering applications, and the minisymposium on interval analysis.

Containing over 300 entries in an A-Z format, the Encyclopedia of Parallel Computing provides easy, intuitive access to relevant information for professionals and researchers seeking access to any aspect within the broad field of parallel computing. Topics for this comprehensive reference were selected, written, and peer-reviewed by an international pool of distinguished researchers in the field. The Encyclopedia is broad in scope, covering machine organization, programming languages, algorithms, and applications. Within each area, concepts, designs, and specific implementations are presented. The highly-structured essays in this work comprise synonyms, a definition and discussion of the topic, bibliographies, and links to related literature. Extensive cross-references to other entries within the Encyclopedia support efficient, user-friendly searchers for immediate access to useful information. Key concepts presented in the Encyclopedia of Parallel Computing include; laws and metrics; specific numerical and non-numerical algorithms; asynchronous algorithms; libraries of subroutines; benchmark suites; applications; sequential consistency and cache coherency; machine classes such as clusters, shared-memory multiprocessors, special-purpose machines and dataflow machines; specific machines such as Cray supercomputers, IBM’s cell processor and Intel’s multicore machines; race detection and auto parallelization; parallel programming languages, synchronization primitives, collective operations, message passing libraries, checkpointing, and operating systems. Topics covered: Speedup, Efficiency, Isoefficiency, Redundancy, Amdahls law, Computer Architecture Concepts, Parallel Machine Designs, Benmarks, Parallel Programming concepts & design, Algorithms, Parallel applications. This authoritative reference will be published in two formats: print and online. The online edition features hyperlinks to cross-references and to additional significant research. Related Subjects: supercomputing, high-performance computing, distributed computing

Parallel processing offers a solution to the problem of providing the processing power necessary to help understand and master the complexity of natural phenomena and engineering structures. By taking several basic processing devices and connecting them together the potential exists of achieving a performance many times that of an individual device. However, building parallel application programs is today recognized as a highly complex activity requiring specialist skills and in-depth knowledge. PARLE is an international, European based conference which focuses on the parallel processing subdomain of informatics and information technology. It is intended to become THE European forum for interchange between experts in the parallel processing domain and to attract both industrial and academic participants with a technical programme designedto provide a balance between theory and practice. This volume contains the proceedings of PARLE '93. The PARLE conference came into existence in 1987 as an initiative from the ESPRIT I programme and the format was revised in 1991/92. PARLE '93 is the second conference with the new format and was held in Munich.