While ion-exchange processes were originally used for the treatment of very dilute solutions, many applications for the treatment of concentrated solu tions have been developed in recent years. In these situations, the mass transfer bottlenecks are located in the~, rather than the liquid phase. Therefore, the development of quantitative models for ion-exchange kinetics requires knowledge about the conductance characteristics of ions and solvent in the solid phase. A useful approach towards this aim is the study of trans port characteristics of these species, and of their interactions in solid ion exchange membranes. Many different transport processes and related phenomena can be observed in membrane-solution systems, e.g., ion migration, electroosmosis, diffusion arid self-diffusion, osmosis, hydraulic flow, hyperfiltration (reverse osmosis) or ultrafiltration, streaming potential and streaming current, and membrane potentials (also called "membrane concentration potentials"). It is important to correlate all these phenomena so as to avoid a very large number of unnec essary measurements. Such correlation is often possible [Meares, 1976] since all these phenomena are determined by the ease of migration of the different species across the membrane. Important correlations have been made and summar ized even before high-capacity ion-exchange membranes became commercially available [Sollner, 1950, 197iJ.

The Principles of Ion Exchange Technology covers the fundamental properties of ion exchange resins and the chemical engineering principles of plant design to aid process and equipment evaluation, choice and design. This text is composed of 12 chapters and begins with a discussion of the equilibrium concept and the calculation of diffusion coefficients and mass transfer coefficients, as well as the rate constants in ion exchange. The succeeding chapters deal with the kinetics of ion exchange in solution and in resin beads. These topics are followed by reviews of axial mixing, flow abnormalities, design equations, fixed bed performance calculation, and multi-component ion exchange. The final chapters explore the choices of continuous and countercurrent design techniques and the practical procedures for packed beds. This book is of great value to chemical engineers.

Adsorption, Ion Exchange and Catalysis is essentially a mixture of environmental science and chemical reactor engineering. More specifically, three important heterogeneous processes, namely, adsorption, ion exchange and catalysis, are analysed, from fundamental kinetics to reactor design with emphasis on their environmental applications. In Chapter 1, the subject of air and water pollution is dealt with. Data about pollutants and emission sources are given and the treatment methods are shortly presented. In Chapter 2, the very basics and historical development of adsorption, ion exchange and catalysis are presented as well as their environmental applications. Chapter 3 is devoted to heterogeneous processes and reactor analysis. All types of reactors are described in depth and reactor modelling, hydraulics and mass/heat transfer phenomena are examined for each type of reactor. Chapters 4 and 5 are dedicated to adsorption & ion exchange and catalysis, respectively. The basic principles are presented including kinetics, equilibrium, mass/heat transfer phenomena as well as the analytical solutions of the reactor models presented in Chapter 3. In the sixth chapter, the subject of scale up is approached. The two Annexes at the end of the book contain physical properties of substances of environmental interest as well as unit conversion tables. Finally, nearly all the examples contained are based on real experimental data found in literature with environmental interest. Most of the examples consider all aspects of operation design – kinetics, hydraulics and mass transfer.* Provides basic knowledge of major environmental problems and connects them to chemical engineering

Analytical Chemistry, Volume 38: Ion Exchange in Analytical Chemistry provides a broad survey of the important role that ion exchange can and should play in chemical analysis. This book focuses on the plate-equilibrium theory of chromatography, which is less difficult theoretically than the mass-transfer theory. Organized into 11 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the earliest recorded application of ion exchange. This text then examines how high temperature affects ion-exchange resins. Other chapters consider the exchange of ions between a solid ion-exchanging material and a solution, which is a typically reversible reaction. This book describes as well the relatively simple separations and other applications of ion exchange to analytical chemistry. The final chapter deals with the interesting nature of the metal complexes formed within the exchanger and describe the use of ion-exchange distribution studies to determine the stability and nature of complexes existing in the solution. This book is a valuable resource for analytical chemists.

This book covers a wide variety of topics related to advancements in different stages of mass transfer modelling processes. Its purpose is to create a platform for the exchange of recent observations, experiences, and achievements. It is recommended for those in the chemical, biotechnological, pharmaceutical, and nanotechnology industries as well as for students of natural sciences, technical, environmental and employees in companies which manufacture machines for the above-mentioned industries. This work can also be a useful source for researchers and engineers dealing with mass transfer and related issues.

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Ion Exchange: Science and Technology, Troía, Portugal, July 14-26, 1985

The Ion Exchange and Solvent Extraction series treats ion exchange and solvent extraction both as discrete topics and as a unified, multidisciplinary study - presenting new insights for researchers in many chemical and related fields.;Volume 12 contains coverage of: the nature of metal-ion interaction with oppositely charged sites of ion exchangers; high-pressure ion exchange separation of rare earth elements; the commercial recovery of valuable minerals from seawater and brines by ion exchange and sorption; the kinetics of ion exchange in heterogenous systems; the ion-exchange equilibria of amino acids; and more.;The work is intended for analytical, co-ordination, process, separation, surface, organic, inorganic, physical and environmental chemists, geochemists, electrochemists, radiochemists, biochemists, biophysicists, hydrometallurgists, membrane researchers and chemical engineers.

This volume will capture transformational changes in both the chemistry and engineering side of solvent extraction, creating new directions and deepening our understanding of the structure and dynamics of liquid-liquid systems from the molecular- to nano- to meso- to bulk-scale. Reviews will cover advances in microfluidics, new tools for understanding the structure and dynamics of the liquid-liquid interface, ionic liquids in liquid-liquid extraction, molecular dynamics to visualize interactions in the solvent phase, liquid-liquid electrochemistry to interrogate the energetics of interfacial transport and complexation, design of new extractants, and the streamlining of process applications.

Filling a longstanding gap for graduate courses in the field, Chemical Reaction Engineering: Beyond the Fundamentals covers basic concepts as well as complexities of chemical reaction engineering, including novel techniques for process intensification. The book is divided into three parts: Fundamentals Revisited, Building on Fundamentals, and Beyon