“Mariners´ Adaptive Performance under Stress” focuses on the research question of direct and indirect effects of varying conditions of task-integral cognitive and affective demands on adaptive performance of novice bridge operators. The work draws theoretically on contextual models of cognition as well as appraisal theoretical frameworks of affect elicitation and experience. The respective research hypotheses reflect expected individual and team-related adaptive responses at and after the onset of ambiguous trigger events with a prominent affective component when performing a complex ship management task. Adaptive performance was measured by means of behavioural parameters with a relevance to normal and critical operations: Visual behaviour of officers of the watch, Threat and Error Management and Non-Technical Skill performance of bridge crews, and risk-related crew decision-making. Additional surveys were employed for the assessment of the task-related affective states and trigger event appraisals. The results suggest that the observed adaptive performance, especially on the team level, is strongly affected by the co-occurrence of constraining context conditions and the conspicuousness of the affective component of emerging events. Consequently, the work argues for an integrated approach towards combining cognition and affect for modelling human behaviour in dynamic environments. It showcases the need for further research of cognition, affect and their combined effects in the naturalistic context of work in order to comprehend the behaviour of the human element in practice beyond the obscuring veil of hindsight and outcome-based evaluations.

These proceedings summarize the best papers in each research area represented at the 2015 Annual Meeting of the German Gesellschaft für Arbeitswissenschaft, held at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) from February 26-28. The meeting featured more than 160 presentations and 30 posters reflecting the diversity of subject matter in the field of human and industrial engineering.

This book discusses the latest advances in the research and development, design, operation, and analysis of transportation systems and their corresponding infrastructures. It presents both theories and case studies on road and rail, aviation, and maritime transportation. Further, it covers a wealth of topics, from accident analysis, intelligent vehicle control, and human-error and safety issues to next-generation transportation systems, model-based design methods, simulation and training techniques, and many more. Special emphasis is placed on smart technologies and automation in transport, as well as the user-centered, ergonomic, and sustainable design of transportation systems. The book, which is based on the AHFE 2020 Virtual Conference on Human Aspects of Transportation, held on July 16–20, 2020, mainly addresses the needs of transportation system designers, industrial designers, human–computer interaction researchers, civil and control engineers, as well as vehicle system engineers. Moreover, it represents a timely source of information for transportation policy-makers and social scientists whose work involves traffic safety, management, and sustainability issues in transport.

Proceedings of the XXth International Astronautical Congress compiles selected papers presented at the 20th International Astronautical Congress held in Mar del Plata, Argentina in 1969. This book is divided into five main topics—spacecraft engineering, astrodynamics, astrionics, bioastronautics, and problems of education. In these topics, this compilation specifically discusses the equatorial vibrations of a long flexible boom on a spin-stabilized satellite of non-zero radius; heat transfer to linear bodies in two-dimensional hypersonic low density; and limits of accuracy of general perturbations for satellites moving under constant forces. The rapid optimization of multiple-burn rocket flights; data transmission for planetary studies; and comparison of theoretical and experimental attitude data for the DODGE spacecraft are also elaborated. This text also covers the Apollo life-support and protective systems; bioastronautical aspects of Apollo biomedical operations; and development and applications of hot water rockets. This publication is recommended for astrophysicists and scientists of other disciplines related to astronomy.