This book is designed to engage students' interest and promote their writing abilities while teaching them to think critically and creatively. Dowden takes an activist stance on critical thinking, asking students to create and revise arguments rather than simply recognizing and criticizing them. His book emphasizes inductive reasoning and the analysis of individual claims in the beginning, leaving deductive arguments for consideration later in the course.

This book will help you to reason critically; to recognise, analyse and evaluate arguments and to classify them as inductive or deductive. It will introduce you to fallacies (bad arguments that look like good arguments) and, in two optional chapters, to the rudiments of formalisation. Linked to Marianne Talbot's hugely successful Critical Reasoning podcasts (downloaded 4 million times from iTunesU!), and full of interactive exercises and quizzes, the book was written to satisfy demand from fans of the podcasts. Marianne is the Director of Studies in Philosophy at Oxford University's Department for Continuing Education.

Students learn logic by practicing it by working through problems, analyzing existing arguments, and constructing their own arguments in plain language and symbolic notation. The Art of Reasoning not only introduces the principles of critical thinking and logic in a clear, accessible, and logical manner thus practicing what it preaches but it also provides ample opportunity for students to hone their skills and master course content.

This robust, clear, and well-researched textbook for classes in logic introduces students to both formal logic and to the virtues of intellectual inquiry. Part 1 challenges students to develop the analytical skills of deductive and inductive reasoning, showing them how to identify and evaluate arguments. Part 2 helps students develop the intellectual virtues of the wise inquirer. The book includes helpful pedagogical features such as practice exercises and a concluding summary with definitions of key concepts for each chapter. Resources for professors and students are available through Baker Academic's Textbook eSources.

A much-needed guide to thinking critically for oneself and how to tell a good argument from a bad one. Includes topical examples from politics, sport, medicine, music, chapter summaries, glossary and exercises.

This book describes how to use logic, reasoning, critical thinking, and the scientific method to conduct and improve criminal and civil investigations. The author discusses how investigators and attorneys can avoid assumptions and false premises and instead make valid deductions, inductions, and inferences. He explains how tools such as interview and interrogation can be used to detect deception and profile unknown individuals and suspects. The book is aimed at improving not only the conduct of investigations, but also the logical use of cognitive, analytical, documentation, and presentation tools to win cases.

Critical thinking deserves both imaginative teaching and serious theoretical attention. Studies in Critical Thinking assembles an all-star cast to serve both. Besides five exercises teachers may copy or adapt, by Derek Allen, Tracy Bowell, Justine Kingsbury, Jan Albert van Laar, Sharon Bailin and Mark Battersby, there are chapters on what critical thinking is, the nature of argument, definition, using the web, evaluation, argument schemes, abduction, generalizing, fallaciousness, logic and critical thinking, computer-aided argument mapping, and more by such illustrious scholars as John Woods, Douglas Walton, Sally Jackson, Dale Hample, Robert Ennis, Beth Innocenti, David Hitchcock, Christopher Tindale, G. C. Goddu, Alec Fisher, Michael Scriven, Martin Davies, Ashley Barnett and Tim van Gelder. This update to the 1st printing of Studies in Critical Thinking corrects errors and has provided the opportunity for authors to fine-tune their chapters.

Do you often think there is something in your mind hindering your success? Do you know that each of us has an untapped potential? Have you ever got easily frustrated and irritated with matters issues you can't control? Do you have any regrets because you could have avoided problems if only you had thought about it before? Have you made terrible decisions and need to make a complete 180-degree change in your life's direction? Whenever you have a problem, you must avoid decision-making based on emotions or prejudices and face it with a critical mind. The best way to improve how we think is to train changing our thinking habits. Learn how to clarify to show the links between the problem, its causes and potential solutions: this book will provide you with all the tools and skills you need to learn through practical exercises. Improving critical thinking is part of your personal growth: you will learn how to feed your mind and reach your full potential. In this book, you will learn: Many Questions you Could Ask Yourself to Evaluate Your Weaknesses and Your Strengths in Thinking Techniques to Get Out the Most of Your Time 8 Subskills to Find an Answer to a Problem and Develop New Ideas How to Make Better Choices Using Both Logic and Creativity The 5 Aspects That Influence Our Choices Analyzing Facts and Applying Logic Tips for Being a Better Decision-Maker 3 Non-Mental Stuff you Need to Make Sure Your Brain is in Great Physical Health 40 Powerful Strategies to Improve Critical Thinking 12 Effective Practical Recommendations for Introducing the Scientific Method into Your Lives Identify Other People's Arguments and Critically Deal With Fake News Essential Mental Exercises Whether you make a decision surrounding your personal life or one that deals with a professional side, you'll have to make some tough choices throughout time. Sometimes we blame others, outside sources, and general fate for how we have ended up. Whether you are a logical thinker or you are more creative, you will learn to combine both logic and creativity to make better choices. Did you make a wrong decision? You will be able to learn something from this mistake, giving yourself a better chance to improve next time. You will learn a sequence of key steps that will lead you from understanding your problem to implementing the best possible solution. You should be the person that is able to decide the fate of your future. Take control over your future! Challenge and train your thinking whenever you have spare time and start building your foundation towards being a critical thinker. Are you anxious to become a critical thinker? It is a need to say yes to the challenge in improving our thinking. Take a step further. Scroll up and start Reading Now.

Dark Matter was not matter at all. It was a theoretical brainteaser that finally philosophy had to unscramble. Scientists of today do not like this idea but philosophy is capable to deal with theoretical conundrums like dark matter. First chapter which is like a combat between mathematical counterintuitive physics and human commonsense, explains that human commonsense equipped with proper philosophical approach is capable to deal with the problem of dark matter.After making a case for philosophical method, this book then challenges the fundamental convictions of the established Cosmology and explains that even many visible galaxies are located at (light travel) distance of many hundred billion light years. There is no dark matter in any of the so-called 'proofs' of the existence of dark matter and MOND is also an engineered and artificial solution.This book has solved Galactic Rotation problem using Newton's theory and have shown that available theory was capable to explain the flat rotation curves of galaxies without necessitating the existence of dark matter. Thus theory itself is not challenged, blamed or modified. However understanding of scientists of their so-called counterintuitive theories is blamed. For example, to deal with the Galactic Rotation problem, the relevant part of Newton's Principia Mathematica was Proposition LXXIII, Theorem XXXIII. Whereas to deal with this problem, scientists had wrongfully applied Proposition LXXI, Theorem XXXI. Obviously, inaccurate application of available theory resulted in a fake problem and dark matter only served as a ghost solution to that bogus problem.Not only the Galactic Rotation, other so-called indicators of Dark Matter like Cluster Dynamics, Gravitational Lensing, Bullet Cluster, Dark Matter Ring, Fluctuations in CMB Temperature and Structures Formation etc. also have been explained without requiring the need for Dark Matter.Overall this book has presented a strong case of the failure of counterintuitive regime of established Cosmology and Physics.