In her feminist polemic, ‘A Room of One’s Own’, Virginia Woolf famously wrote of the (comparatively recent) literary tradition of female writers: ‘we think back through our mothers if we are women.’ Woolf’s major literary mothers were those women novelists writing during the Victorian period and earlier. Virginia Woolf and the Lives, Works, and Afterlives of the Brontës examines all of Woolf’s writings on the Brontës, across a wide range of genres: juvenilia, novels, literary essays, feminist polemics, diaries and letters. This proves particularly fruitful as Woolf herself was both a creative artist and a literary critic. As a woman, she was ambivalent towards the Victorian world in which she spent her youth: emotionally she remained in thrall to it; but intellectually she developed the modernist novel. After Woolf ceased to write publicly about the Brontës, she continued to engage with them through the Hogarth Press, which she had founded in 1917 with her husband Leonard. She then chose to publish books on the Brontës whose approaches to them she supported. Newman approaches her subject in a Woolfian way: that is, she avoids dogmatism and aims to open up discussion of the lives, works and afterlives of the Brontës as mediated by Woolf, rather than closing it down to one particular interpretation.

The book discusses ideas concerning the order and balance of nature (or "economy of nature") from the late 17th century to the early 20th century. The perspective taken is broad, longue durée and interdisciplinary, and reveals the interplay of scientific, philosophical, moral and social ideas. The story begins with natural theology (dating roughly to the onset of the so-called Newtonian Revolution) and ends with the First World War. The cut-off date has been chosen for the following reasons: the war changed the state of things, affecting man’s way of looking at, and relating to, nature both directly and indirectly; indeed, it put an end to most applications of Darwinism to society and history, including interpretations of war as a form of the struggle for existence. The author presents an overview of the different images of nature that were involved in these debates, especially in the late 19th century, when a large part of the scientific community paid lip service to ‘Darwinism’, while practically each expert felt free to interpret it in his own distinct way. The book also touches on the so-called ‘social Darwinism’, which was neither a real theory, nor a common body of ideas, and its various views of society and nature’s economy. Part of this book deals with the persistence of moralizing images of nature in the work of many authors. One of the main features of the book is its wealth of (detailed) quotations. In this way the author gives the reader the opportunity to see the original statements on which the author bases his discussion. The author privileges the analysis of different positions over a historiography offering a merely linear narrative based on general implications of ideas and theories. To revisit the concept of the so-called "Darwinian Revolution", we need to examine the various perspectives of scientists and others, their language and, so to speak, the lenses they used when reading "facts" and theories. The book ends with some general reflections on Darwin and Darwinisms (the plural is important) as a case study on the relationship between intellectual history, the history of science and contextual history. Written by a historian, this book really gives new, multidisciplinary perspectives on the "Darwinian Revolution."

This study concentrates on the social and ideological functions of science during the consolidation of urban industrial society.