This volume presents information on the exciting breakthroughs and the very quickly evolving fields of research in laser science and applications.The book provides state-of-the-art knowledge of lasers and their applications, with contributions from scientists and technologists from Egyptian and international universities, institutes, ministries and industries in this highly advanced field of science and technology.The book covers topics related to laser development and applications in the following fields of research: fiber optics; remote sensing; ultra-fast phenomena; laser spectroscopy; laser photobiology; laser photochemistry; laser applications in agriculture; laser applications in engineering; laser applications in medicine; laser applications in photochemistry and photobiology; and laser basic sciences.

This volume presents information on the exciting breakthroughs and the very quickly evolving fields of research in laser science and applications. This book provides state-of-the-art knowledge of lasers and their applications, with contributions from scientists and technologists from Egyptian and international universities, institutes, ministries and industries in this highly advanced field of science and technology. This book covers topics related to laser development and applications in the following fields of research: fiber optics; remote sensing; ultra-fast phenomena; laser spectroscopy; laser photobiology; laser photochemistry; laser applications in agriculture; laser applications in engineering; laser applications in medicine; laser applications in photochemistry and photobiology; and, laser basic sciences.

This volume comprises a selection of the best papers presented at the Seventh Interna tional Symposium on Applications of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics held at The Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation in Lisbon, during the period of July 11 to 14,1994. The papers describe Applications to Fluid Mechanics, Applications to Combustion, Instrumentation for Velocity and Size Measurements and Instrumentation for Whole Field Velocity and demonstrate the continuing and healthy interest in the development of understanding of the methodology and implementation in terms of new instru mentation. The prime objective of this Seventh Symposium was to provide a forum for the presen tation of the most advanced research on laser techniques for flow measurements, and communicate significant results to fluid mechanics. The applications oflaser techniques to scientific and engineering fluid flow research was emphasized, but contributions to the theory and practice of laser methods were also considered where they facilitate new improved fluid mechanic research. Attention was placed on laser-Doppler anemometry, particle sizing and other methods for the measurement of velocity and scalar, such as particle image velocimetry and laser induced fluorescence. We would like to take this opportunity to thank those who participated. The assistance provided by the Advisory Committee, by assessing abstracts was highly appreciated.

The book provides state-of-the-art knowledge of lasers and their applications, with contributions from scientists and technologists from Egyptian and international universities, institutes, ministries and industries in this highly advanced field of science and technology. --

The Lorenz-Mie theory, describing the interaction between a homogeneous sphere and an electromagnetic plane wave, is likely to be one of the most famous theories in light scattering. But, with the advent of lasers and their increasing development in various fields, it has become too old-fashioned to meet most of the modern requisites. The book deals with generalized Lorenz-Mie theories when the illuminating beam is an electromagnetic arbitrary shaped beam, relying on the method of separation of variables. A particular emphasis is stressed on the case of the homogeneous sphere but other regular particles are considered too. An extensive discussion of the methods available to the evaluation of beam shape coefficients describing the illuminating beam is provided, and several methods are discussed. Applications concern many fields such as optical particle sizing and, more generally, optical particle characterization, morphology-dependent resonances, or mechanical effects of light for optical trapping, optical tweezers and optical stretchers. Various computer programs relevant to the contents of the book are furthermore provided.

This book is a continuous learning tool for experienced technical staff facing laser vibrometry technology for the first time. The book covers both theoretical aspects and practical applications of laser Doppler vibrometry, and is accompanied by a multimedia presentation that allows the audience to browse the content and come as close as possible to performing real experiments. After a brief introduction, Chapter 2 presents supporting theory, providing general information on light sources, light scattering and interference for a better understanding of the rest of the book. Chapter 3 examines the theory of laser vibrometers, explaining interferometers from an optical perspective and in terms of the related electronics. It also addresses options like tracking filters and different signal demodulation strategies, since these have a significant impact on the practical use of vibrometers. Chapter 4 explores the configurations that are encountered in today’s instrumentation, with a focus on providing practical suggestions on the use of laser vibrometers. Lastly, Chapter 5 investigates metrology for vibration and shock measurements using laser interferometry, and analyses the uncertainty of laser vibrometers in depth.

Scientists have learned to use liquid and gaseous helium to overcome the limitations imposed by the usual wind and water tunnels for testing the performance of aircraft or the behavior of the atmosphere. This book covers fundamental studies of the turbulence problem, practical applications of turbulence, superfluid turbulence, cryogenic turbulence research, and new types of miniature flow instrumentation, all which are crucial for high Reynolds number research. This state-of-the-art presentation will interest physicists in fluid dynamics, engineers working with turbulent flows, and naval and aerospace engineers testing realistic parameter ranges.

Laser Machining: Theory and Practice addresses state-of-the-art laser machining in a way useful for research- ers, academicians and practitioners, particularly manufacturing engineers, who are considering lasers as a solution to the machining requirements of their factories and plants. This book provides detailed information on the theory behind laser machining, as well as its requirements, uses and applications. In order to place laser machining in its correct context, the author begins with an overview of conventional material removal processes and go on to describe in detail the physical mechanisms involved in lasers, the different types of lasers involved in laser machining, and laser machining systems, which include optics, positioning systems, manipulators, etc. The theoretical treatment of the laser includes a section on the basics of heat transfer and fluid mechanics, and analyses of one, two and three-dimensional laser machining processes. The book closes with a description of state-of-the-art laser machining applications in research and industrial practice.