The twinning of cities and municipalities possibly represents the largest platform for encounter and mutual acquaintance established in modern times. However, can such a merger between the fellow-citizens of Europe be achieved without first addressing in a determined way the issue of languages, of teaching languages and their diversity? This publication is a report on research (2001-2003) based on responses to questionnaires sent to 81 towns, representing 328 twinnings in Europe and the world.

The twinning of cities and municipalities possibly represents the largest platform for encounter and mutual acquaintance established in modern times. However, can such a merger between the fellow-citizens of Europe be achieved without first addressing in a determined way the issue of languages, of teaching languages and their diversity?Answers to this question can be found before, during and after visits to participating towns.School exchange programmes also deserve a better preparation and a genuine teaching methodology for exchanges. Gilbert Dalgalian, Jacqueline Feuillet-Thieberger, Helena Kalve, Séverine Boulery, Aspasia Nanaki, Anita Vaivade.

This book is a reflective account of the work of the European Centre for Modern Languages, Graz, during its first medium-term programme, which lasted from 2000 to 2003.It presents some of the major current issues in language education that were dealt with during this programme and provides insight into the way the projects run by the ECML tried to address these issues and to develop practical, usable approaches to dealing with them.

This book provides both principles and practical guidelines for Less Commonly Taught Language (LCTL) teachers of all levels and languages to transform raw materials into activities for the language classroom. Grounded in research, the author lays out a series of principles that serve to remind teachers of the possibilities that exist when they consider using authentic materials in the classroom. Each principle in the book is accompanied by numerous practical examples in a wide variety of languages created by the author and by teachers who have participated in a summer institute led by Bill Johnston and Louis Janus at CARLA since 1999.

This book represents a major statement of the current research being conducted on the learning of second languages from a sociocultural perspective. The book is divided into a theoretical and an empirical part. Specific topics covered include: learning and teaching languages in the zone of proximal development; L1 mediation in the acquisition of L2 grammar; sociocultural theory as a theory of second language learning; gestural mediation in a second language; and constructing a self through a second language.

This handbook provides dual language and immersion educators with rich information and practical resources that address common concerns with children who struggle with language, literacy and learning. In response to practitioners most pressing questions this book offers case narratives that recount lived experiences with struggling learners from a range of educational specialists, administrators and teachers; background information and research summaries that provide important information about the existing knowledge base on this topic; discussion of issues as they relate to language minority and language majority learners; and guiding principles to inform program policies and practices. Additionally, the handbook includes reference materials and useful web resources to assist educators in meeting the needs of a wide variety of language and learning challenges."

Teaching in Two Languages is a hands-on practitioner's guide to the challenges of teaching bilingually to the ever-growing population of English Language Learners (ELLs) in today's schools. This invaluable resource addresses emerging models of bilingual education such as two-way immersion and heritage language programmes, in addition to programme models that are limited to serving ELLs. Sharon Adelman Reyes and Tatyana Kleyn have organized the book around essential questions asked by practicing teachers and backed up by compelling vignettes based on actual schools and teachers across the U.S.

"Through the use of qualitative research methods, the authors explore the complex, contingent and dynamic nature of motivation, identity and autonomy --- both for language learners and teachers --- in many different parts of the world. Importantly, they also look for relationships among the three constructs. This is precisely the integrative approach that should be encouraged as we seek to understand the lived experience of individuals."---Diane Larsen-Freeman, University of Michigan, USA --

Several factors have resulted in increased intra- and inter-state migration. This has led to an increase in the enrollment of students with diverse linguistics backgrounds, placing more academic demands on educators. Linguistic diversity presents both opportunities and challenges for educators across the educational spectrum. Language ideologies profoundly shape and constrain the use of language as a resource for learning in multilingual or linguistically diverse classrooms. While English has become the world language, most communities remain, and are becoming more and more multicultural, multilingual, and diverse. The Handbook of Research on Teaching in Multicultural and Multilingual Contexts moves beyond the constraints of current language ideologies and enables the use of a wide range of resources from local semiotic repertoires. It examines the phenomenon of language use, language teaching, multiculturalism, and multilingualism in different learning areas, giving practitioners a voice to spotlight their efforts in order to keep their teaching afloat in culturally and linguistically diverse situations. Covering topics such as Indigenous languages, multilingual deaf communities, and intercultural competence, this major reference work is an essential resource for educators of both K-12 and higher education, pre-service teachers, educational psychologists, linguists, education administrators and policymakers, government officials, researchers, and academicians.