This book traces the evolution of Ottoman agriculture from commercialization of the rural peasant households into global networks of production and trade. It re-evaluates the significance attached to large-scale agricultural units as catalysts of this transformation, and assesses structures of authority and control invested in large landlords, local notables, and the rural producers. The essays in this volume offer different perspectives on the transformation of an important agrarian society in the Middle East.

Contains entries that provide information about significant people, places, and events in the history of the Middle East and North Africa since 1800; arranged alphabetically from Shammar to Zurayk, with maps, genealogies, a glossary, and an index.

"Middle East Patterns" continues to be the only comprehensive regional study of the area written by a U.S. geographer since 1960. This second edition retains the basic framework of its 1989 predecessor, examining the Middle East from a topical and then a regional, country-by-country perspective. A thoughtful consideration of the physical environment lays the groundwork for emphasis on cultural-political and geopolitical patterns, which are the essence of the study. The book includes 61 up-to-date thematic and regional maps and 52 new photographs.

As a modern state, Iraq has experienced an unhappy history. Most recently it became the focus of attention after it occupied Kuwait in 1990. In antiquity the area was home to the Mesopotamian civilizations of the Sumerians and Babylonians. In later centuries, Iraq became the battleground over which the Persian state and Turkish empire struggled for supremacy. Great Britain occupied Mesopotamia during the First World War, and the modern state of Iraq was created in the 1920s. This revised bibliography includes works on Iraq's modern history and ancient Mesopotamian history and archaeology.