Michael Akers provides the basics for understanding mammary development and lactation and conveys the critical regulatory events in lactation. This text willl prove to be an invaluable overview of mamorary development and lactation for undergraduates and graduates studying lactation, new researchers, and as a review for established scientists. Additionally, the book will be an important resource for professionals in the animal and dairy industry and for those in other scientific disciplines such as food chemistry, cell biology, and endocrinology whose work is closely tied to mammary gland development and function. Lactation and the Mammary Gland covers growth and development of the mammary gland including comparisons between species. It imparts and emphasizes the critical nature of mammary growth and the onset of lactation at the time of parturition. Special emphasis is given to the endocrine and growth factor regulation of both mammogenesis and lactogenesis. A thorough discussion of the role of growth hormone in development and maintenance of lactation or galactopoiesis adds to this book's value as a text and reference. The author reviews the presence of hormones, growth factors, and other bioactive compounds in milk and mammary secretions as well as the potential for use of the mammary gland as a bioreactor in the pharmaceutical industry. A description of the nutritional and management factors in milk production round out the book's comprehensive coverage.

Proceedings of a symposium, satellite to the 24th International Congress of Physiological Sciences, University of Pennsylvania.

The Model Chapter on Infant and Young Child Feeding is intended for use in basic training of health professionals. It describes essential knowledge and basic skills that every health professional who works with mothers and young children should master. The Model Chapter can be used by teachers and students as a complement to textbooks or as a concise reference manual.

This lively book examines recent trends in animal product consumption and diet; reviews industry efforts, policies, and programs aimed at improving the nutritional attributes of animal products; and offers suggestions for further research. In addition, the volume reviews dietary and health recommendations from major health organizations and notes specific target levels for nutrients.

This comprehensive Monograph examines all peripheral and central mechanisms of regulating the secretion of milk from the lactating breast. The author reviews the complete female breast development, starting with the early childhood, up to pregnancy and lactation. Structural and ultrastructural data on the alveolar-ductal system, together with details of breast innervation, are used to investigate the physiological process of lactation. Readers will appreciate the special focus on reflexes, both in the child and the mother, that help to regulate maternal milk production and secretion. Following this, the author sheds a light on the composition and dynamics of milk components during the different periods of lactation. The final section of this volume focusses on practical aspects of modern breastfeeding, like the use of breast pumps or galactogogues, to influence the productivity of milk production. These fundamental principles and structural details will be particularly useful for physiologists and clinicians working in gynecology and pediatrics.

Research on the hormonal control oflactation - the subject of this monograph - has long been the major interest of this laboratory. Studies were initiated in the mid 1930s by the late Professor S. 1. Folley, FRS, who directed the work with immense enthusiasm and devotion until his untimely death in 1970. This fruitful area of basic and applied research has, in recent years, attracted widespread attention; there have been many exciting events and developments with a dramatic increase in the number of publications. These events are diverse and include the identification, isolation and sequencing of human prolactin; the identification and isolation of placentallactogens in several ruminant species with recognition of their importance in mammary growth and differentiation; the introduction of highly sensitive bioassay, radioimmuno- and radioreceptor-assay techniques for mammotrophic hormones; the growing clinical appreciation of the immunological and nutritional importance of colostrum and milk to the newborn; the intensification of studies on normal mammogenesis to establish a sound basis for studies on mammary cancer; and the exploitation of the mammary gland, with its characteristic differentiation patterns and multiple synthetic abilities, as a valuable tissue for the investigation of basic mechanisms involved in the synthesis under hormonal control of enzymes and secretory proteins; and for the study of hormone - receptor interactions.

All being done, we went to Mrs Shipmans, who is a great butter-woman; and I did see there the most of milke and cream, and the cleanest, that I ever saw in my life (29 May 1661). Among others, Sir Wm. Petty did tell me that in good earnest, he hath in his will left such parts of his estate to him that could invent such and such things -as among others, that could discover truly the way of milk coming into the breasts of a woman ... (22 March 1665). My wife tells me that she hears that my poor aunt James hath had her breast cut off here in tow- her breast having long been out of order (5 May 1665). From the Diary of Samuel Pepys, published as The Shorter Pepys (edited by R. Latham), Penguin Books (1987) The long-standing ultimate importance of research on the mammary gland is illustrated by the importance attached to cows' milk for human consumption, to human lactation and to breast cancer by Samuel Pepys and his contemporaries in the middle of the 17th century. Research has tended to develop in isolation in these three areas of continuing contemporary importance largely because in most countries, the underlying science of agricultural productivity is funded separately from the underlying science of human health and welfare.

A version of the OpenStax text

Plastic and reconstructive surgery continues to evolve as new techniques open up new possibilities for the surgeon. In this groundbreaking textbook, contemporary approaches are explained and demonstrated to allow trainee and experienced surgeons alike to understand and assimilate best practice. Containing over 300 outstanding color figures demonstrating surgical practice, an international cast of leading surgeons show the paths to effective plastic surgery technique and outcomes. They cover all the major bases including: Integument Pediatric Plastic Surgery Head and Neck Reconstruction The Breast Trunk, Lower Limb and Sarcomas Upper Limb and Hand Surgery Aesthetic Surgery Comprehensive in scope, practical in nature, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery is your one-stop guide to successful surgical management of your patients. "This textbook is aimed at the trainee and young plastic surgeon, but it is extremely comprehensive and sufficiently detailed for any practitioner. The information is succinct, yet complete and up to date. . . . For a single-volume book, the detailed knowledge presented is impressive. . . . I think this is a great book. It is packed with good and up-to-date information, and I think it will be an invaluable resource for trainees but also for all plastic surgeons. The editors are to be congratulated on achieving a very difficult task with such success." —from a review by Peter C. Neligan, MB, in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery "This is exactly what the editors of Plastic and reconstructive surgery: Approaches and Techniques set out to achieve in producing this excellent textbook. . . . It is truly an international effort at all levels, as the editors, from Australia (Ross D. Farhadieh), the UK (Neil W. Bulstrode) and Canada (Sabrina Cugno), have joined forces to recruit over 130 international contributors and produce a resource of over 1100 pages that provides a well-organized and thorough, yet succinct, text of the essentials of current plastic surgery. . . .Many of the contributors are world-renowned experts; however, there is also a new generation of young rising stars whose contributions are equally good, providing a new, fresh and contemporary feel." —from the Foreword by Julian J. Pribaz, Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School "The authors here have concentrated all this useful information into their chapters in a quite outstanding manner. Any plastic surgeon of whatever maturity will find this an excellent purchase which he/she will have no reason to regret." —from a review by Douglas H. Harrison in Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery