Kinetically Trapping Co Continuous Morphologies In Polymer Blends And Composites
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Author |
: Le Li |
Publisher |
: |
Total Pages |
: 101 |
Release |
: 2012 |
ISBN-10 |
: OCLC:794553012 |
ISBN-13 |
: |
Rating |
: 4/5 (12 Downloads) |
Synopsis Kinetically Trapping Co-continuous Morphologies in Polymer Blends and Composites by : Le Li
Co-continuous structures generated from the phase separation of polymer blends present many opportunities for practical application. Due to the large interfacial area in such structures and the incompatibility between the components, such non-equilibrium structures tend to coarsen spontaneously into larger sizes and eventually form dispersed morphologies. Here, we utilize various strategies to kinetically stabilize the co-continuous structures in polymer blend systems at nano- to micro- size scales. In the partially miscible blend of polystyrene and poly(vinyl methyl ether), we took advantage of the spinodal decomposition (SD) process upon thermal quenching, and arrested the co-continuous micro-structures by the addition of nanoparticles. In this approach, the critical factor for structural stabilization is that the nanoparticles are preferentially segregated into one phase of a polymer mixture undergoing SD and form a percolated network (colloidal gel) beyond a critical loading of nanoparticles. Once formed, this network prevents further structural coarsening and thus arrests the co-continuous structure with a characteristic length scale of several microns. Our findings indicate that a key to arresting the co-continuous blend morphology at modest volume fractions of preferentially-wetted particles is to have attractive, rather than repulsive, interactions between particles. For the immiscible blend of polystyrene and poly(2-vinyl pyridine) (PS/P2VP), we presented a strategy to compatibilize the blend by using random copolymers of styrene and 2-vinylpyridine, controlling the degree of immiscibility between PS and P2VP. Based on such compatibilization, co-continuous structured membranes, having characteristic size down to tens of nanometers, were fabricated in a facile way, via the solvent-induced macrophase separation of polymer blend thin films. The feature size was controlled by controlling the film thickness and varying the molecular weight of the PS homopolymer and the random copolymers. As the processing method (solution casting) is simple and the structures are insensitive to the solvent or substrate choices, this approach shows great potential in the large scale fabrication of co-continuous nanoscopic templates on flexible substrates via roll-to-roll processes. Moreover, we proposed a quasi-binary blend system based on the PS/P2VP pair with the addition of a common solvent. An experimentally accessible phase mixing temperature was achieved, and the co-continuous morphologies were generated via thermally induced spinodal decomposition. The addition of solid particles significantly slowed down the coarsening kinetics and, in some cases, arrested the co-continuous structures at ~6 & mum for a short period of time. This study suggests an alternative means to achieve co-continuous structures in polymer solutions and also provides better understanding of the thermodynamics and kinetics of polymer blend phase separation. Our research demonstrates several means of kinetically trapping the non-equilibrium interconnected structures at sub-micron to tens-of-nanometer size scales that are germane to several functions including active layers of photovoltaic cells and polymer-based membranes.
Author |
: Molin Guo |
Publisher |
: |
Total Pages |
: 182 |
Release |
: 2020 |
ISBN-10 |
: OCLC:1281195535 |
ISBN-13 |
: |
Rating |
: 4/5 (35 Downloads) |
Synopsis Processing-structure-property Relationships in Co-continuous Polymer Blends and Composites by : Molin Guo
As society evolves and technology develops further, the need for more advanced products is increasing, so polymeric materials are gaining ever more attraction because of their excellent properties such as lightweight, low cost and good resistance to corrosion. Polymer processing is one of the keys to achieve these unique materials. Various kinds of morphologies can be produced during polymer melt compounding including droplet-matrix, fibrillar, lamellar, or co-continuous structures. Co-continuous morphology, which has the coexistence of two continuous structures within the same volume, has been drawing more attention currently because of its specific superior properties including a combination of the features of both components in a favorable way, as well as additional characteristics by selectively localizing fillers in the co-continuous structures. Since processing-structure-property relationships are guiding principles in materials design, development, and tailoring, it is important to study them in co-continuous polymer blends and composites. In chapter 1 of this dissertation, the formation and properties of co-continuous blends and double-percolated co-continuous composites are introduced. In chapter 2, the formation of co-continuous poly(ethylene) oxide/ethylene-vinyl acetate blends as well as the effects of structure and processing on their surface roughness are explored. Moreover, two thermally conductive co-continuous ternary composites systems are reported in chapter 3. The role of viscosity ratio on filler distribution and electrical/thermal properties of the carbon nanofiber reinforced co-continuous polymer composites is discussed, along with the discussion of the effects of filler sizes on morphology and thermal conductivity of double-percolated polypropylene/poly(methyl methacrylate)/boron nitride polymer composites. Furthermore, two additional projects are demonstrated in chapter 4 and chapter 5. Chapter 4 compares the fiber length distribution in shear and extensional mixing in twin-screw extrusion of fiber-reinforced polymer composites, while chapter 5 proves the feasibility of using one-step extrusion to produce nanostructured lipid carriers. Finally, chapter 6 briefly concludes the research work in this dissertation, and contributions as well as future work are also covered.
Author |
: A. K. Kulshreshtha |
Publisher |
: |
Total Pages |
: 758 |
Release |
: 2003 |
ISBN-10 |
: 1859573045 |
ISBN-13 |
: 9781859573044 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (45 Downloads) |
Synopsis Handbook of Polymer Blends and Composites by : A. K. Kulshreshtha
This handbook is part of a four volume handbook, intended to provide an overview of the theory and application of polymer blends and composites. Practical and theoretical investigations are presented, aimed at generating an understanding of the fundamental nature of polymer mixtures and composites and describing progress in the thermodynamics of mixing (both in solution and solid state) of binary and multi-component systems.
Author |
: Joel Richard Bell |
Publisher |
: |
Total Pages |
: 512 |
Release |
: 2007 |
ISBN-10 |
: MINN:31951P01008470U |
ISBN-13 |
: |
Rating |
: 4/5 (0U Downloads) |
Synopsis Cocontinuous Polymer Blends by : Joel Richard Bell
Author |
: Suprakas Sinha Ray |
Publisher |
: Elsevier |
Total Pages |
: 242 |
Release |
: 2019-09-17 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9780128168783 |
ISBN-13 |
: 0128168781 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (83 Downloads) |
Synopsis Nanostructured Immiscible Polymer Blends by : Suprakas Sinha Ray
Nanostructured Immiscible Polymer Blends: Migration and Interface covers a wide range of nanoparticle types, emphasizing the mechanisms and parameters involved in the migration of nanofillers inside immiscible polymer blends. This book explores the influence of nanoparticle migration on the localization, and hence, morphology development, electrical conductivity, and met-rheological properties of blended composite materials. As the influence of solid particles, ranging in size from several hundred nanometers to a few microns in immiscible polymer blends has been extensively studied for use as compatibilizers, morphology stabilizers, and reinforcement agents, this book is a timely resource. - Outlines techniques used to prepare nanoparticles-modified immiscible polymer blend composites - Explains the structural and morphological development, and melt-state rheological behaviors of nanoparticles-modified immiscible polymer blend composites - Discusses major industrial applications
Author |
: L. A. Utracki |
Publisher |
: |
Total Pages |
: 1800 |
Release |
: 2014-01-31 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9400760655 |
ISBN-13 |
: 9789400760653 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (55 Downloads) |
Synopsis Polymer Blends Handbook by : L. A. Utracki
Written by an international group of highly respected contributors, this fundamental reference work covers all aspects of polymer blends: science, engineering, technology and applications.
Author |
: Avraam I. Isayev |
Publisher |
: John Wiley & Sons |
Total Pages |
: 528 |
Release |
: 2016-06-07 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9783527653997 |
ISBN-13 |
: 3527653996 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (97 Downloads) |
Synopsis Encyclopedia of Polymer Blends, Volume 3 by : Avraam I. Isayev
A complete and timely overview of the topic, this Encyclopedia imparts knowledge of fundamental principles and their applications for academicians, scientists and researchers, while informing engineers, industrialists and entrepreneurs of the current state of the technology and its utilization. The most comprehensive source on polymer blends available on the market Offers a complete and timely overview of the topic Each article presents up to date research & development on a topic and its basic principles and applications, integrates case studies, laboratory and pilot plant experiments, and gives due reference to published and patented literature Equips academics, scientists and researchers with knowledge of fundamentals principles and their applications, and informs the engineers, industrialists and entrepreneurs about the state of the art technology and its applications
Author |
: Ica Manas-Zloczower |
Publisher |
: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH Co KG |
Total Pages |
: 1184 |
Release |
: 2012-11-12 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9783446433717 |
ISBN-13 |
: 3446433716 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (17 Downloads) |
Synopsis Mixing and Compounding of Polymers by : Ica Manas-Zloczower
Finally available again in its second edition, this classic covers everything from the basic principles to the various practical applications of state-of-the-art mixing and compounding. Part I: Mechanisms and Theory Basic Concepts - Mixing of Miscible Fluids - Mixing of Immiscible Fluids - Dispersive Mixing of Solid Additives - Distributive Mixing - Distribution Functions and Measures of Mixing Part II: Mixing Equipment - Modeling, Simulation, Visualization Batch Equipment Simulation - Batch Equipment Visualization - Continuous Equipment Simulation - Dispersive Mixing Devices in Single Screw - Twin Rotor Mixers - Co-Kneader - Visualization - Scale-up of Mixing Equipment - Scale-down of Mixing Equipment Part III Material Consideration, Properties and Characterization Solid additives (inorganic) - Solid additives (organic) - Compatibilizers (mechanisms, theory) - Material Consideration for Mixing at Nanoscale - Effect of Mixing on Properties of Compounds - Effect of Mixing on Rubber Properties Part IV Mixing Practices Internal Mixers - Single Screw Extruders - Twin Screw Extruders - Intermeshing Twin Screw Extruders - Reciprocating Screws - Reactive Compounding - Farrel Continuous Mixer
Author |
: Nicolas Boyard |
Publisher |
: John Wiley & Sons |
Total Pages |
: 464 |
Release |
: 2016-03-28 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9781848217614 |
ISBN-13 |
: 1848217617 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (14 Downloads) |
Synopsis Heat Transfer in Polymer Composite Materials by : Nicolas Boyard
This book addresses general information, good practices and examples about thermo-physical properties, thermo-kinetic and thermo-mechanical couplings, instrumentation in thermal science, thermal optimization and infrared radiation.
Author |
: Zehev Tadmor |
Publisher |
: John Wiley & Sons |
Total Pages |
: 1004 |
Release |
: 2013-12-02 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9780470355923 |
ISBN-13 |
: 0470355921 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (23 Downloads) |
Synopsis Principles of Polymer Processing by : Zehev Tadmor
Thoroughly revised edition of the classic text on polymer processing The Second Edition brings the classic text on polymer processing thoroughly up to date with the latest fundamental developments in polymer processing, while retaining the critically acclaimed approach of the First Edition. Readers are provided with the complete panorama of polymer processing, starting with fundamental concepts through the latest current industry practices and future directions. All the chapters have been revised and updated, and four new chapters have been added to introduce the latest developments. Readers familiar with the First Edition will discover a host of new material, including: * Blend and alloy microstructuring * Twin screw-based melting and chaotic mixing mechanisms * Reactive processing * Devolatilization--theory, mechanisms, and industrial practice * Compounding--theory and industrial practice * The increasingly important role of computational fluid mechanics * A systematic approach to machine configuration design The Second Edition expands on the unique approach that distinguishes it from comparative texts. Rather than focus on specific processing methods, the authors assert that polymers have a similar experience in any processing machine and that these experiences can be described by a set of elementary processing steps that prepare the polymer for any of the shaping methods. On the other hand, the authors do emphasize the unique features of particular polymer processing methods and machines, including the particular elementary step and shaping mechanisms and geometrical solutions. Replete with problem sets and a solutions manual for instructors, this textbook is recommended for undergraduate and graduate students in chemical engineering and polymer and materials engineering and science. It will also prove invaluable for industry professionals as a fundamental polymer processing analysis and synthesis reference.