Historically, revolution has been one of the principal means of founding a new state. But can this new state have any moral legitimacy, born as it is out of violence? That is the critical question for legal theorists. The late Hans Kelsen, arguably one of the leading legal theorists and philosophers of the twentieth century, in his Pure Theory of Law, articulated this theory of revolutionary legality as a part of his general theory of law. Kelsen in the Grenada Court: Essays on Revolutionary Legality examines revolutionary legality in the context of the Grenada coup d'etat of March 1979, which brought the People's Revolutionary Government (PRG) to power. The 1973 Constitution was suspended, the executive authority of the country changed, parliament was reconstituted and a new Supreme Court established. The governing principles of political life in Grenada were transformed. The PRG had established a new legality. The courts however, were confronted with questions of their validity and jurisdictional competence. Called upon to judge the validity of the PRG regime, the issue of the validity of the courts was also called into question. Following the demise of the PRG regime in sensational fashion, culminating in the invasion of Grenada by the US army in 1983, the validity of the court was again challenged. This collection of clear, readily understood essays, shows that the Court determined its own validity as a matter of necessity. Using examples from around the Commonwealth, the case of Bernard Coard & Ors. v. The Attorney General, known popularly as the Maurice Bishop murder trial, or the Grenada Thirteen, McIntosh criticizes the Grenada Court and its handling of the subject of revolutionary legality; while addressing Kelsen's theory of continuity and discontinuity of law and the doctrine of necessity.

Written by Caribbean-based writer, publisher and photographer Paul Crask, this new, thoroughly updated fourth edition of Bradt’s Grenada, Carriacou and Petite Martinique remains the only standalone guide to this alluring Caribbean-island destination. With insider knowledge gleaned from 15-plus years’ exploration, Bradt’s guidebook is rich in detail, local colour and practical information. Detailed listings covering accommodation (from homestays to top-range boutique hotels), dining and activities (including off-the-beaten-path experiences) are complemented by the author’s personal take on making the most of your stay. Grenada is an English-speaking tri-island nation famed for its nutmeg and cocoa, sailing regattas attracting international crowds, jaw-dropping beaches, pastoral villages, mountain trails, fabulous scuba diving including an underwater sculpture gallery, and strong cultural traditions including carnival parades. The main island, Grenada, has a tall spine of forested mountain ridges surrounded by rivers, waterfalls and farmlands, and the scenic coastline is replete with secluded bays and anchorages. To the north lie the tranquil islands of Carriacou and Petite Martinique, which harbour deserted beaches and coral reefs, boast traditions of Big Drum Dance and boat building, and offer a warm, friendly welcome. This new edition incorporates the many developments on the islands over recent years. These include an increasingly impressive diversity of accommodation options resulting from ongoing investment, including a new resort on Grenada’s Grand Anse Beach, which complement the more traditional feel maintained in the north of the island and its smaller neighbours. Also featured is Grenada’s renewed focus on hiking trails, an addition to Grenada’s already fascinating chocolate industry. Visiting this year-round destination is increasingly easy thanks to ever-more frequent, direct flights from North America and Europe. With ample great accommodation and dining options, Grenada perfectly blends traditional island life with modern Caribbean living. Whether you are into yachting, scuba diving on wrecks and reefs, kayaking through mangrove forests, hiking mountain trails, ‘jumping-up’ at carnival, sampling vintage rums at historic distilleries, exploring historic estates, or relaxing poolside at luxurious beachside resorts, Bradt’s Grenada, Carriacou and Petite Martinique is ideal for travellers of all kinds.

In the fall of 1983, arguably the coldest year of the decades-long Cold War, the world's greatest superpower invaded Grenada, a Marxist-led Caribbean nation the size of Atlanta. Why and how this unlikely one-week war was waged was shrouded in secrecy at the time--and has remained so ever since. This book is an overdue reconsideration of Operation Urgent Fury, based on historical evidence that only recently has been revealed in declassified documents, oral history interviews and memoir accounts. This chronological narrative emphasizes the human dimension of a sudden crisis now regarded as the greatest foreign policy challenge of President Ronald Reagan's first term. Because the American intervention was hastily drafted, many snafus and accidents marked the chaotic initial days of the operation. Inevitably it fell to individual soldiers, aviators and sailors to perform heroic acts to make up for faulty intelligence, inadequate communication or poor coordination. This work recounts their inspiring, underreported stories in filling out a more complete portrait of Operation Urgent Fury. The final chapter recounts the invasion's aftereffects, especially the unexpected role it played in Congressional reform of the military for future combat in the Middle East.

This timely book offers a novel theory of constitutional revolutions, providing a new and engaging framework for critically assessing how revolutions and contra-revolutions, transitional periods and the phenomenon of oblivion influence constitutional change.

TRAVEL & HOLIDAY GUIDES. The volcanic island of Grenada and the smaller Grenadines, Carriacou and Petite Martinique, sit at the southern tip of the Windward Islands chain in the eastern Caribbean. In 2004, they were decimated by Hurricane Ivan. The nutmeg trees on which the economy was once reliant were destroyed, and buildings and infrastructure collapsed. But now the islands have been rebuilt, renovated and improved. They are once more open for business, and enjoying a newfound prosperity as visitor numbers increase year on year. This guide takes hikers on treks through the rainforest, and divers to The Bianca C, the largest shipwreck in the Caribbean. It shows cultural visitors the nation's diverse heritage and rich musical traditions and leads those in need of a little lie-down to unspoilt beaches and secluded coves.

Lawyers usually describe a revolution as a change in a constitutional order not authorized by law. From this perspective, to speak of a ‘lawful’ or an ‘unlawful’ revolution would seem to involve a category mistake. However, since at least the 19th century, courts in many jurisdictions have had to adjudicate claims involving questions about the extent to which what is in fact a revolutionary change can result in the creation of a legally valid regime. In this book, the authors examine some of these judgments.

Omens of Adversity is a profound critique of the experience of postcolonial, postsocialist temporality. The case study at its core is the demise of the Grenada Revolution (1979–1983), and the repercussions of its collapse. In the Anglophone Caribbean, the Grenada Revolution represented both the possibility of a break from colonial and neocolonial oppression, and hope for egalitarian change and social and political justice. The Revolution's collapse in 1983 was devastating to a revolutionary generation. In hindsight, its demise signaled the end of an era of revolutionary socialist possibility. Omens of Adversity is not a history of the Revolution or its fallout. Instead, by examining related texts and phenomena, David Scott engages with broader, enduring issues of political action and tragedy, generations and memory, liberalism and transitional justice, and the possibility of forgiveness. Ultimately, Scott argues that the palpable sense of the neoliberal present as time stalled, without hope for emancipatory futures, has had far-reaching effects on how we think about the nature of political action and justice.

Perfect for the student new to jurisprudence, this book provides an illuminating introduction to the central questions of legal theory. An experienced teacher of jurisprudence, Professor Wacks' approach is both accessible and entertaining, providing the ideal base for further study.

Implied constitutional principles form part of the landscape of the development of fundamental rights in common law jurisdictions, affecting issues ranging from the remuneration of judges to the appropriation of property by the state. Principled Reasoning in Human Rights Adjudication offers thematic analysis of the use of the implied constitutional principles of the rule of law and separation of powers in human rights cases. The book examines the functions played by those principles in rights adjudication in Australia, Canada, the Commonwealth Caribbean, and the United Kingdom. It argues that a complete understanding of implied constitutional principles requires thoroughgoing analysis of the sources and methods of implication and of the specific roles played by such principles in the adjudicative process. By disaggregating particular functions and placing those functions within their respective institutional contexts, this book develops an understanding of the features of cases in which implied constitutional principles are invoked and the work done by those principles.

"The Caribbean Community (CARICOM) has assumed a greater role in guiding and coordinating the affairs of its member states. The introduction of the CARICOM Single Market and Economy (CSME) and the Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ) bring the quest for democratic governance into sharp relief. Using Caribbean cases, Simeon McIntosh discusses the fundamental rights and freedoms of speech and of the press, freedom of religion and freedom form inhuman and degrading punishment. He examines the protection of these rights and freedoms in the light of changes in society, social progress and other developments in the Commonwealth Caribbean within the context of the CSME and the CCJ. Fundamental Rights and Democratic Governance is the first body of work to give serious philosophical treatment to the question of fundamental rights in the Caribbean. In this second instalment on Caribbean Constitutionalism, McIntosh builds on his earlier work, Caribbean Constitutional Reform: Rethinking the West Indian Polity, in laying the theoretical justification for the Caribbean Court of Justice. "