Katerina Deligiorgi interprets Kant's conception of enlightenment within the broader philosophical project of his critique of reason. Analyzing a broad range of Kant's works, including his Critique of Pure Reason, the Critique of Judgment, his lectures on anthropology and logic, as well as his shorter essays, she identifies the theoretical and practical commitments that show the achievement of rational autonomy as an ongoing project for the realization of a culture of enlightenment. Deligiorgi also considers Kant's ideas in relation to the work of Diderot, Rousseau, Mendelssohn, Reinhold, Hamann, Schiller, and Herder. The perspective opened by this historical dialogue challenges twentieth-century revisionist interpretations of the Enlightenment to show that the "culture of enlightenment" is not simply a fragment of our intellectual history but rather a live project.

Katerina Deligiorgi interprets Kant's conception of enlightenment within the broader philosophical project of his critique of reason. Analyzing a broad range of Kant's works, including his Critique of Pure Reason, the Critique of Judgment, his lectures on anthropology and logic, as well as his shorter essays, she identifies the theoretical and practical commitments that show the achievement of rational autonomy as an ongoing project for the realization of a culture of enlightenment. Deligiorgi also considers Kant's ideas in relation to the work of Diderot, Rousseau, Mendelssohn, Reinhold, Hamann, Schiller, and Herder. The perspective opened by this historical dialogue challenges twentieth-century revisionist interpretations of the Englightenment to show that the "culture of enlightenment" is not simply a fragment of our intellectual history but rather a live project. Book jacket.

Immanuel Kant was one of the most influential philosophers in the whole of Europe, who changed Western thought with his examinations of reason and the nature of reality. In these writings he investigates human progress, civilization, morality and why, to be truly enlightened, we must all have the freedom and courage to use our own intellect. Throughout history, some books have changed the world. They have transformed the way we see ourselves - and each other. They have inspired debate, dissent, war and revolution. They have enlightened, outraged, provoked and comforted. They have enriched lives - and destroyed them. Now Penguin brings you the works of the great thinkers, pioneers, radicals and visionaries whose ideas shook civilization and helped make us who we are.

This collection contains the first English translations of a group of 18th-century German essays that address the question, "what is Enlightenment?". They explore the origins of 18th-century debate on the Enlightenment, and its significance for the present.

"Advancing the Enlightenment draws upon John Rawls, Gilles Deleuze, and Tariq Ramadan to present a vision for progressive politics. Rather than defend Kant's ideas, heirs of the Enlightenment should create concepts such as overlapping consensus, rhizome, and space of testimony to facilitate alliances across religious and philosophical differences"--Provided by publisher.

What is Enlightenment? "Enlightenment is the exit of humans from their self-inflicted dependence." Immanuel Kant lived in the Age of Enlightenment. The church and the state dictated how people should live and think. Many poets and thinkers rebelled against this. Scientists had already shown the church many mistakes. Poets like Voltaire and thinkers like Rousseau said: people should not believe everything. Then they are not free. They enlightened people about their own power: their intellect and their reason. Immanuel Kant wrote many great works. Above all the "Critique of Pure Reason". He wanted to "bring the mind to reason". From then on, he was known as the greatest Enlightenment philosopher. But what exactly is it about? A newspaper called for an answer to this question. Here, Kant gives an answer to this question. Above all, enlightenment means thinking for yourself and having the courage to do so. That has changed everything. We can think and decide without the guidance of others. We are free. What does it mean: to orient oneself in thinking? "Faith in reason is like a compass. It helps smart people to think about theory. It also helps normal good people to do the right thing." "What is Enlightenment?” has shown: You can find your bearings in thinking. You can't be sure whether you are really thinking for yourself. And thinking can go in all directions. In order to orient ourselves correctly, we have reason. It does not only consist of reason. Our feelings also guide us. Whether we are in a dark room, orienting ourselves by the stars or in terms of truth and honesty. Reason helps us to combat superstition and wrong enthusiasm. It guides our thinking. It gives us the right direction. Nevertheless, we have to be careful. Others can also try to lead us in the name of reason. Then we are no longer free. About eternal peace "1. in a peace treaty, no one is allowed to secretly think about the next war. 2. a country may not be inherited, exchanged, bought or given away by another country. 3. the military should stop altogether over time. 4. countries should not get into debt with other countries. 5. no state may use force to interfere in another state. 6. a country at war must not prevent peace later." There were many wars and revolutions in Kant's time. Kant believed that human reason could end wars forever. He thought about the prerequisites for this. The result is his treatise "On Perpetual Peace". It is intended to establish peace throughout the world. They say it could really work. That is why it is still valid today. These three texts can be read separately. At the same time, they build on each other. They show Kant's significance from subjective thinking to world politics and into our modern world. Traces of Kant's Enlightenment can be found in many constitutions. The United Nations were founded on the basis of "Perpetual Peace". These three Kant key texts are reproduced here in plain language. They largely correspond to general standards, and we have also adapted them for easy language. The book is therefore also suitable for readers with limited reading ability (LRS), German as a second language or cognitive impairments. This means that everyone can now understand the most important German thinker. aibo publishing produces the World Literature series in simple and plain language. The first publications generated a media response across Europe, including in the FAZ and The Times London, and, according to the NZZ, triggered a “culture war”. Immanuel Kant. For the 300th birthday in plain language.

Most academic philosophers and intellectual historians are familiar with the major historical figures and intellectual movements coming out of Scotland in the 18th Century. These scholars are also familiar with the works of Immanuel Kant and his influence on Western thought. But with the exception of discussion examining David Hume’s influence on Kant’s epistemology, metaphysics, and moral theory, little attention has been paid to the influence of the Scottish Enlightenment thinkers on Kant’s philosophy. This volume aims to fill this perceived gap in the literature and provide a starting point for future discussions looking at the influence of Hume, Thomas Reid, Adam Smith, and other Scottish Enlightenment thinkers on Kant’s philosophy.

"...there is nothing elementary about O'Grady's primer. She pulls off the feat of writing a reliable and accessible introduction to modern philosophy that is also a meaningful contribution to the subject." - London Times Literary Supplement From Descartes' famous line 'I think therefore I am' to Kant's fascinating discussions of morality, the thinkers of the Enlightenment have helped to shape the modern world. Addressing such important subjects as the foundations of knowledge and the role of ethics, the theories of these philosophers continue to have great relevance to our lives. Ranging across Enlightenment thinking from Berkeley to Rousseau, Enlightenment Philosophy in a Nutshell explains important ideas such as Locke's ideas of primary and secondary qualities, Kant's moral rationalism, and Hume's inductive reasoning. Filled with helpful diagrams and simple summaries of complex theories, this essential introduction brings the great ideas of the past to everyone.

"Have the courage to use your own understanding! - that is the motto of enlightenment." - Immanuel Kant The Enlightenment is one of the most important and contested periods in the history of philosophy. The problems it addressed, such as the proper extent of individual freedom and the challenging of tradition, resonate as much today as when they were first debated. Of all philosophers, it is arguably Kant who took such questions most seriously, addressing them above all in his celebrated short essay, An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment? In this engaging and lucid book, Samuel Fleischacker first explains and assesses Kant’s philosophy of Enlightenment. He then considers critics of Kant’s views - from Burke and Hegel to Horkheimer and Adorno - and figures he regards as having extended Kant’s notion of enlightenment, such as Feuerbach, Marx, Habermas, Foucault, and Rawls. Throughout, he demonstrates how Kant holds two distinct theories of enlightenment. On the one hand, Kant proposes a ‘minimal’ view, where to be enlightened is simply to engage in critical public discussion, allowing diversity of opinion to flourish. On the other, he argues that Kant elsewhere calls for a ‘maximal’ view of enlightenment, where, for example, an enlightened person cannot believe in a traditional religion. With great skill Fleischacker shows how these two views are taken in a multitude of directions by both critics and advocates of Kant’s philosophy. Arguing that Kant’s minimal enlightenment is a precondition for a healthy proliferation of cultures, religious faiths and political movements, What is Enlightenment? is a fascinating introduction to a key aspect of Kant’s thought and a compelling analysis of philosophical thinking about the Enlightenment. Including helpful chapter summaries and guides to further reading, it is ideal for anyone studying Kant or the philosophy of the Enlightenment, as well as those in related disciplines such as politics, history and religious studies.

This book offers a systematic examination of the place of religion within Kant's major writings. Kant is often thought to be highly reductionistic with regard to religion - as though religion simply provides the unsophisticated with colourful representations of moral lessons that reason alone could grasp. James DiCenso's rich and innovative discussion shows how Kant's theory of religion in fact emerges directly from his epistemology, ethics and political theory, and how it serves his larger political and ethical projects of restructuring institutions and modifying political attitudes towards greater autonomy. It also illustrates the continuing relevance of Kant's ideas for addressing issues of religion and politics that remain pressing in the contemporary world, such as just laws, transparency in the public sphere and other ethical and political concerns. The book will be valuable for a wide range of readers who are interested in Kant's thought.